Generalized hypotonia, and Babinski sign

STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION, INFANTILE, MITOCHONDRIAL Is also known as bilateral striatal necrosis, infantile, mitochondrial|infantile bilateral striatal necrosis, mitochondrial

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Babinski sign
• Difficulty walking

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity is a rare, genetic, leukodystrophy disorder characterized by diffuse hypomyelination in the supratentorial brain white matter, brain stem and spinal cord. Patients usually present nystagmus, lower limb spasticity, hypotonia, and motor developmental delay, as well as MRI signal abnormalities involving the corpus callosum, anterior brainstem, pyramidal tracts, superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles, dorsal columns and/or lateral corticospinal tracts.

HYPOMYELINATION WITH BRAIN STEM AND SPINAL CORD INVOLVEMENT AND LEG SPASTICITY Is also known as hbsl|aspartyl-trna synthetase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity
• Motor delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

X-linked non progressive cerebellar ataxia is a rare hereditary ataxia characterized by delayed early motor development, severe neonatal hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia and slow eye movements, presenting normal cognitive abilities and absence of pyramidal signs. Frequently patients also manifest intention tremor, mild dysphagia, and dysarthria. Brain MRI reveals global cerebellar atrophy with absence of other malformations or degenerations of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

X-LINKED NON PROGRESSIVE CEREBELLAR ATAXIA Is also known as scax5|x-linked spinocerebellar ataxia type 5

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-13 is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult onset of progressive cognitive decline and motor dysfunction leading to dementia and often early death. Some patients develop seizures. Neurons show abnormal accumulation of autofluorescent material (summary by Smith et al., 2013).Adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is sometimes referred to as Kufs disease.For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN), see CLN1 (OMIM ).

CLN13 DISEASE Is also known as ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 13, kufs type

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31) is a very rare subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III (ADCA type III; see this term) characterized by the late-onset of cerebral ataxia, dysarthria and horizontal gaze nystagmus, and that is occasionally accompanied by pyramidal signs, tremor, decreased vibration sense and hearing difficulties.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 31 Is also known as sca31|spinocerebellar ataxia, 16q22-linked

• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2F is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by progressive microcephaly and variable neurologic signs and symptoms, including cognitive and motor delay, poor or absent speech, seizures, and spasticity (summary by Breuss et al., 2016).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2, see PCH2A (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 43 is a rare, complex hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by a childhood to adolescent onset of progressive lower limb spasticity, associated with mild to severe gait disturbances, extensor plantar responses, muscle weakness and severe distal atrophy, frequently with upper limb involvement. Additional features may include joint contractures, distal sensory loss and brisk or absent deep tendon reflexes. Other signs, such as depression, memory loss, optic atrophy (with vision loss) and brain iron deposition (revealed by brain imagery), have also been reported.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 43 Is also known as spg43

• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscle weakness
• Spasticity
• Flexion contracture
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is a subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term). It is characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome and epilepsy, sometimes mild pyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological disturbances.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 10 Is also known as sca10

• Generalized hypotonia
• Nystagmus
• Hyperreflexia
• Dysarthria
• Cerebellar atrophy

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem. PCH type 2 is characterized by progressive microcephaly from birth combined with extrapyramidal dyskinesia and chorea, epilepsy, and normal spinal cord findings (Barth, 1993).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PCH, see PCH1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Spasticity
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

CMTDIG is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Most affected individuals have onset in the first or second decades of slowly progressive distal motor weakness and atrophy, resulting in gait instability and distal upper limb impairment, as well as distal sensory impairment. More severely affected individuals may have pes cavus and claw hands and become wheelchair-bound, whereas other affected individuals have later onset with a milder disease course. Electrophysiologic studies tend to show median motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) in the 'intermediate' range, between 25 and 45 m/s (summary by Berciano et al., 2017).In a review of intermediate CMT, Berciano et al. (2017) noted that advanced axonal degeneration may induce secondary demyelinating changes resulting in decreased NCV and attenuated compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in median nerve conduction studies. They thus suggested that testing the upper arm, axilla to elbow, may provide more accurate assessment of NCV and CMAP and reveal an intermediate phenotype (review by Berciano et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CMTDI, see {606482}.

• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN