Frontal bossing, and Delayed puberty

Oliver-McFarlane syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by trichomegaly, severe chorioretinal atrophy and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, including growth hormone (GH ), gonadotropins (see {118860}), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; see {118850}). Thyroid and GH abnormalities may be present at birth and, if untreated, result in intellectual impairment and profound short stature. Congenital hypogonadism occurs in half of patients, and nearly all have documented hypogonadotropic hypogonadism during puberty, with subsequent reproductive dysfunction. Chorioretinal atrophy is typically noted in the first 5 years of life. Half of reported cases have spinocerebellar involvement, including ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Hufnagel et al., 2015).Laurence-Moon syndrome (OMIM ) is an allelic disorder with overlapping features.

OLIVER-MCFARLANE SYNDROME; OMCS Is also known as eyelashes, long, with mental retardation|trichomegaly with mental retardation, dwarfism, and pigmentary degeneration of retina

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia characterized by metaphyseal changes of the truncal-juxtatruncal bones associated with retinal dystrophy. Patients typically present progressive postnatal growth failure with rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, a deformed, hypoplastic thorax and retinitis pigmentosa or pigmentary retinal degeneration. Radiographic findings include short ribs with flared, cupped anterior ends, mild platyspondyly, lacy ilia and metaphyseal dysplasia of the proximal femora.

AXIAL SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as axial smd|smd, axial

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Harel-Yoon syndrome is a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, truncal hypotonia, spasticity, and peripheral neuropathy. Other more variable features such as optic atrophy may also occur. Laboratory studies in some patients show evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction (summary by Harel et al., 2016).

OPTIC ATROPHY-PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY-DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY SYNDROME Is also known as harel-yoon syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency is a unique form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; see this term) characterized by glucocorticoid deficiency, severe sexual ambiguity in both sexes and skeletal (especially craniofacial) malformations.

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as disordered steroidogenesis due to por deficiency|congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome por deficiency|pord|adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase deficiency|por deficiency

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Macrocephaly-intellectual disability-left ventricular non compaction syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by motor and cognitive developmental delay with language impairment, macrocephaly, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features (including long face, slanting palpebral fissures and prominent, flattened nose) and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Patients also present skeletal abnormalities (e.g. scoliosis, finger clinodactyly, pes planus), slender build and shy behavior. Strabismus and various neurological signs (including ataxia, tremor and hyperreflexia) may be associated, as well as epilepsy, autism and MRI findings showing a small cerebellum and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. A phenotypic variant with no cardiac involvement has been reported.

MACROCEPHALY-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-LEFT VENTRICULAR NON COMPACTION SYNDROME Is also known as mrxsml|mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic, mircsof-langouet type

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Crouzon disease is characterized by craniosynostosis and facial hypoplasia.

CROUZON DISEASE Is also known as crouzon craniofacial dysostosis|craniofacial dysostosis, type i|cfd1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, intellectual deficit and extrapyramidal signs with choreoathetoid movements and dystonia.

WOODHOUSE-SAKATI SYNDROME Is also known as hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, mental retardation, deafness, and extrapyramidal syndrome|extrapyramidal disorder, progressive, with primary hypogonadism, mental retardation, and alopecia|diabetes-hypogonadism-deafness-intellectual disability s

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Syndromic diarrhea (SD), or tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (THE), is a severe congenital enteropathy manifesting as intractable diarrhea in the first month of life with failure to thrive and associated with facial dysmorphism, hair abnormalities, and, in some cases, immune disorders and intrauterine growth restriction.

SYNDROMIC DIARRHEA Is also known as trichohepatoenteric syndrome|tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome|diarrhea, fatal infantile, with trichorrhexis nodosa|sd/the|the syndrome|phenotypic diarrhea|diarrhea, syndromic|syndromic diarrhea/tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cystinosis has been classified as a lysosomal storage disorder on the basis of cytologic and other evidence pointing to the intralysosomal localization of stored cystine. Cystinosis differs from the other lysosomal diseases inasmuch as acid hydrolysis, the principal enzyme function of lysosomes, is not known to play a role in the metabolic disposition of cystine. The fact that plasma levels are well below saturation indicates that the defect is a cellular one. Within the cell, cystine is compartmentalized with acid phosphatase and is membrane-bound as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Ferritin accumulates in the same organelle which appears to be the lysosome.

CYSTINOSIS, NEPHROPATHIC; CTNS Is also known as cystinosin, defect of|lysosomal cystine transport protein, defect of

• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Muscle weakness
• Cognitive impairment
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN