Flexion contracture, and Coarctation of aorta

Familial aortic dissection is the term used to describe rupture of the aortic wall at the level of the media, resulting in the formation of a false channel and deviation of part of the aortic flux. Familial predisposition to thoracic aortic aneurysms and type A dissections (concerning the ascending aorta and/or the aortic arch) has been demonstrated in around 19% of patients presenting with thoracic aortic dissections and several loci have been identified so far (16p12.2-p13.13, 3p24-25). This predisposition is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner.

FAMILIAL AORTIC DISSECTION Is also known as aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic|annuloaortic ectasia|cystic medial necrosis of aorta|aortic dissection, familial|aneurysm, thoracic aortic|faa1

• Cataract
• Flexion contracture
• Hypertension
• Dilatation
• Pectus excavatum

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital heart defects and skeletal malformations syndrome (CHDSKM) is characterized by atrial and ventricular septal defects, with aortic root dilation in adulthood. Skeletal defects are variable and include pectus excavatum, scoliosis, and finger contractures, and some patient exhibit joint laxity. Failure to thrive is observed during infancy and early childhood (Wang et al., 2017).

• Scoliosis
• Failure to thrive
• Abnormal facial shape
• Flexion contracture
• Intrauterine growth retardation

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Abnormal facial shape
• Ptosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

CHILD syndrome (Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform nevus and Limb Defects, CS) is an X-linked dominant genodermatosis characterized by unilateral inflammatory and scaling skin lesions with ipsilateral visceral and limb anomalies.

CHILD SYNDROME Is also known as child syndrome|child nevus|ichthyosiform erythroderma, unilateral, with ipsilateral malformations, especially absence deformity of limbs|congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limbs defects

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Matthew-Wood syndrome is a rare clinical entity including as main characteristics anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia, and pulmonary hypoplasia or aplasia.

MATTHEW-WOOD SYNDROME Is also known as anophthalmia, clinical, with mild facial dysmorphism and variable malformations of the lung, heart, and diaphragm|syndromic microphthalmia type 9|mcops9|pulmonary agenesis, microphthalmia, and diaphragmatic defect|anophthalmia-pulmonary hypoplasia syndrom

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

The fetal akinesia/hypokinesia sequence (or Pena-Shokeir syndrome type I) is characterized by multiple joint contractures, facial anomalies and pulmonary hypoplasia. Whatever the cause, the common feature of this sequence is decreased foetal activity.

FETAL AKINESIA DEFORMATION SEQUENCE Is also known as arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome|arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with pulmonary hypoplasia|fads|pena-shokeir syndrome type 1|fetal akinesia sequence|pena-shokeir syndrome, type i

• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Catel-Manzke syndrome is a rare bone disease characterized by bilateral hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger typically in association with Pierre Robin sequence (see this term) comprising micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis.

CATEL-MANZKE SYNDROME Is also known as index finger anomaly-pierre robin syndrome|index finger anomaly with pierre robin syndrome|pierre robin syndrome-hyperphalangy-clinodactyly syndrome|micrognathia digital syndrome|palatodigital syndrome, catel-manzke type|pierre robin syndrome with hyperph

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in the first year of life. The main features are normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Patients show growth retardation, and approximately 30 to 50% have craniofacial, upper limb, heart, and urinary system congenital malformations. The majority of patients have increased mean corpuscular volume, elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity, and persistence of hemoglobin F. However, some DBA patients do not exhibit these findings, and even in the same family, symptoms can vary between affected family members (summary by Landowski et al., 2013). Genetic Heterogeneity of Diamond-Blackfan AnemiaA locus for DBA (DBA2 ) has been mapped to chromosome 8p23-p22. Other forms of DBA include DBA3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS24 gene (OMIM ) on 10q22; DBA4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS17 gene (OMIM ) on 15q; DBA5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL35A gene (OMIM ) on 3q29; DBA6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL5 gene (OMIM ) on 1p22.1; DBA7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL11 gene (OMIM ) on 1p36; DBA8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS7 gene (OMIM ) on 2p25; DBA9 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS10 gene (OMIM ) on 6p; DBA10 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS26 (OMIM ) gene on 12q; DBA11 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL26 gene (OMIM ) on 17p13; DBA12 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL15 gene (OMIM ) on 3p24; DBA13 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS29 gene (OMIM ) on 14q; DBA14 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TSR2 gene (OMIM ) on Xp11; DBA15 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS28 gene (OMIM ) on 19p13; DBA16 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL27 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q21; and DBA17 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS27 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q21.Boria et al. (2010) reviewed the molecular basis of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, emphasizing that it is a disorder of defective ribosome synthesis.Gazda et al. (2012) completed a large-scale screen of 79 ribosomal protein genes in families with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and stated that of the 10 known DBA-associated genes, RPS19 accounts for approximately 25% of patients; RPS24, 2%; RPS17, 1%; RPL35A, 3.5%; RPL5, 6.6%; RPL11, 4.8%; RPS7, 1%; RPS10, 6.4%; RPS26, 2.6%; and RPL26, 1%. Gazda et al. (2012) stated that in total these mutations account for approximately 54% of all DBA patients.In a study of 98 Japanese patients with DBA, Wang et al. (2015) detected probable causative mutations or large deletions in ribosomal protein genes in 56 (55%) of the patients, involving the RPS19 gene in 16 patients, RPL5 in 12, RPS17 in 7, RPL35A in 7, RPL11 in 5, and RPS26 in 4; RPS7, RPS10, RPL27, and RPS27 were each mutated in 1 patient.

DIAMOND-BLACKFAN ANEMIA 1; DBA1 Is also known as red cell aplasia, pure, hereditary|anemia, congenital erythroid hypoplastic|dba|blackfan-diamond syndrome|anemia, congenital hypoplastic, of blackfan and diamond|bds|erythrogenesis imperfecta|aase-smith syndrome ii|aregenerative anemia, chronic congenital

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Multiple types of congenital heart defects are associated with mutation in the GDF1 gene, including tetralogy of fallot (TOF), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), double-outlet right ventricle (DORV), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), pulmonary stenosis or atresia, atrioventricular canal, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and hypoplastic left or right ventricle (Jin et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of multiple types of congenital heart defects, see {306955}.

CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS, MULTIPLE TYPES, 6; CHTD6 Is also known as transposition of the great arteries, dextro-looped 3, formerly|dtga3, formerly

• Ventricular septal defect
• Atrial septal defect
• Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology
• Hernia
• Abnormal heart morphology

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN