Flexion contracture, and Bradycardia

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a genetically heterogeneous muscular disease that presents with muscular dystrophy, joint contractures, and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects (summary by Liang et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EDMD, see {310300}.

• Muscle weakness
• Flexion contracture
• Cardiomyopathy
• Arrhythmia
• Proximal muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B) is a subtype of autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy characterized by a variable age of onset of progressive shoulder and hip girdle weakness, with inferior limbs usually being affected prior to upper limbs, and mild joint contractures. LGMD1B is also associated with cardiac dysrhythmias, including atrioventricular conduction blocks, and late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy, that may lead to sudden death.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT LIMB-GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 1B Is also known as lgmd1b|limb-girdle muscular dystrophy due to lamin a/c deficiency

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, respiratory and feeding difficulties, lack of psychomotor development, and autonomic abnormalities including labile cardiovascular function, lack of corneal reflexes leading to corneal scarring, areflexia, and absent axonal flare response after intradermal histamine injection (summary by Edvardson et al., 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, see HSAN1 (OMIM ).

HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY TYPE 6 Is also known as familial dysautonomia with contractures|hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type vi|hsan6|hsan vi

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Scoliosis
• Muscular hypotonia
• Ptosis
• Gait disturbance

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital glutamine deficiency is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset at birth of encephalopathy, lack of normal development, seizures, and hypotonia associated with variable brain abnormalities (summary by Haberle et al., 2011).

CONGENITAL BRAIN DYSGENESIS DUE TO GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as glutamine synthase deficiency, congenital systemic|inherited gs deficiency|inherited glutamine synthetase deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IB (ARCL1B) is characterized by the presence of severe systemic connective tissue abnormalities, including emphysema, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, birth fractures, arachnodactyly, and fragility of blood vessels. All symptoms refer to disturbed elastic fiber formation (summary by Hoyer et al., 2009).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of rigidity and intractable seizures at or soon after birth. Affected infants achieve no developmental milestones and die within the first months or years of life (summary by Saitsu et al., 2014).

LETHAL NEONATAL SPASTICITY-EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME Is also known as lethal neonatal rigidity-multifocal seizure syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

EDMD is characterized by myopathic changes in certain skeletal muscles and early contractures at the neck, elbows, and Achilles tendons, as well as cardiac conduction defects. 'Classic' Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD1 ) is an X-linked disorder caused by mutation in the emerin gene (EMD ) on Xq28 (Emery, 1989).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EDMD, see {310300}.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Is also known as scapuloilioperoneal atrophy with cardiopathy|emd2|muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 1b, formerly|emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy, autosomal dominant|edmd2|cardiomyopathy, dilated, with quadriceps myopathy|muscular dystrophy, proximal, type 1b, forme

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Multiminicore disease (MMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder defined pathologically by the presence of multiple areas of reduced mitochondrial oxidative activity running along a limited extent of the longitudinal axis of the muscle fiber, so-called 'minicores.' These regions show sarcomere disorganization and mitochondria depletion. Typically, no dystrophic signs, such as muscle fiber necrosis or regeneration or significant endomysial fibrosis, are present. MMD is a pathologic diagnosis and shows clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Affected individuals have clinical features of a congenital myopathy, including neonatal hypotonia, delayed motor development, and generalized muscle weakness and amyotrophy, which may progress slowly or remain stable (Ferreiro and Fardeau, 2002).Patients with recessive mutations in the RYR1 gene typically show severe congenital muscular dystrophy with ophthalmoplegia, although there is phenotypic variability. Some patients may present in utero with fetal akinesia, arthrogryposis, and lung hypoplasia resulting in fetal or perinatal death (McKie et al., 2014). Skeletal muscle biopsy of patients with recessive RYR1 mutations show variable features, including central cores (Jungbluth et al., 2007), congenital fiber-type disproportion (CFTD) (Monnier et al., 2009), and centronuclear myopathy (Wilmshurst et al., 2010).

CONGENITAL MULTICORE MYOPATHY WITH EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA Is also known as minicore myopathy|multicore myopathy|multiminicore disease with external ophthalmoplegia|multiminicore myopathy multicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia

• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Timothy syndrome is a multi-system disorder characterized by cardiac, hand, facial and neurodevelopmental features that include QT prolongation, webbed fingers and toes, flattened nasal bridge, low-set ears, small upper jaw, thin upper lip, and characteristic features of autism or autistic spectrum disorders.

TIMOTHY SYNDROME Is also known as lqt8|long qt syndrome 8|long qt syndrome with syndactyly|long qt syndrome-syndactyly syndrome|long qt syndrome type 8

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN