Flexion contracture, and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

NEDSGA is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy or early childhood, resulting in variable intellectual disability that can range from profound with absent speech to mild with an ability to attend special schools. Most affected individuals show irritability, stiffness, and hypertonia early in life, which progresses to spasticity and impaired gait later. Some patients may develop seizures of variable severity early in life (summary by Martin et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

1q21.1 microduplication syndrome is a rare partial autosomal trisomy/tetrasomy with incomplete penetrance and variable expression characterized by macrocephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, psychiatric disturbances (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, mood disorders) and mild facial dysmorphism (high forehead, hypertelorism). Other associated features include congenital heart defects, hypotonia, short stature, scoliosis.

1Q21.1 MICRODUPLICATION SYNDROME Is also known as trisomy 1q21.1|dup(1)(q21.1)

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

MRD57 is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Most affected individuals have delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy or early childhood, language delay, and behavioral abnormalities. Additional features may include hypotonia, feeding problems, gastrointestinal issues, and dysmorphic facial features (summary by Reijnders et al., 2018).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

3-Methylglutaconic aciduria with cataracts, neurologic involvement, and neutropenia (MEGCANN) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized primarily by increased levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) associated with neurologic deterioration and neutropenia. The phenotype is highly variable: most patients have infantile onset of a progressive encephalopathy with various movement abnormalities and delayed psychomotor development, although rare patients with normal neurologic development have been reported. Other common, but variable, features include cataracts, seizures, and recurrent infections (summary by Wortmann et al., 2015 and Saunders et al., 2015).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA1 (OMIM ).

3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA TYPE 7 Is also known as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria-cataract-neurologic involvement-neutropenia syndrome|mga7|mgca7|3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type vii

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

LYNCH SYNDROME Is also known as coca2|colon cancer, familial nonpolyposis, type 2|fcc2

• Seizures
• Neoplasm
• Muscular hypotonia
• Flexion contracture
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by facial, limbs and genital features, and a disproportionate acromelic short stature.

AARSKOG-SCOTT SYNDROME Is also known as aarskog syndrome|faciodigitogenital syndrome|faciogenital dysplasia

• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Beta-mannosidosis is a very rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by developmental delay of varying severity and hearing loss, but that can manifest a wide phenotypic heterogeneity.

BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS Is also known as beta-mannosidase deficiency|beta-mannosidosis|lysosomal beta-mannosidase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

The Lujan-Fryns syndrome or X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) with marfanoid habitus syndrome is a syndromic X-linked form of intellectual disability, associated with tall, marfanoid stature, distinct facial dysmorphism and behavioral problems.

X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY WITH MARFANOID HABITUS Is also known as lujan syndrome|mental retardation, x-linked, with marfanoid habitus|lujan-fryns syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and increased skin sensitivity to UV light, as well as an increased risk of skin cancer associated with a defect in nucleotide excision repair (NER). The XPF form of XP is usually relatively mild compared to other forms. Patients with XPF tend to have later onset of skin cancer. Some patients with XPF may develop neurologic impairment or growth defects, and are then classified as having Cockayne syndrome (summary by Kashiyama et al., 2013).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of xeroderma pigmentosa, see XPA (OMIM ), and of Cockayne syndrome, see CSA (OMIM ).

XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP F; XPF Is also known as xp6|xp, group f|xeroderma pigmentosum vi

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to degeneration of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.

DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Is also known as dmd|duchenne muscular dystrophy|severe dystrophinopathy, duchenne type|muscular dystrophy, pseudohypertrophic progressive, duchenne type

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN