Failure to thrive, and Subcutaneous nodule

A large, or giant, congenital melanocytic nevus (LCMN or GCMN) is a pigmented skin lesion of more than 20 cm - or 40 cm- respectively, projected adult diameter, composed of melanocytes, and presenting with an elevated risk of malignant transformation.

LARGE CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NEVUS Is also known as gphn|pigmented moles|lcmn|giant congenital pigmented nevus|giant congenital melanocytic nevus|congenital pigmented nevus|giant pigmented hairy nevus|gmn

• Seizures
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Hydrocephalus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is a rare bone dysplasia, characterized by papulo-nodular skin lesions (especially around the head and neck), soft tissue masses, gingival hypertrophy, joint contractures, and osteolytic bone lesions in variable degrees. Joint contractures may cripple patients and delay normal motor development if occuring in infancy. Severe gingival hyperplasia can interfere with eating and delay dentition. Histopathology analysis of involved tissues reveals cords of spindle-shaped cells embedded in an amorphous, hyaline material. JHF is a mild form of infantile systemic hyalinosis (see this term).

JUVENILE HYALINE FIBROMATOSIS Is also known as puretic syndrome|murray-puretic-drescher syndrome|hyalinosis, systemic

• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Pain
• Flexion contracture
• Skeletal muscle atrophy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Blau syndrome is characterized by the triad of granulomatous arthritis, uveitis, and dermatitis. First described in 1985, it was considered to be distinct from sarcoidosis due to the early age of onset and autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Published reports of sporadic cases of children with 'early-onset sarcoidosis' (EOS) with granulomatous involvement of different organs, primarily affecting joints, eyes, and skin, were suspected to represent the same disorder because the patients' characteristics were nearly identical. Subsequently, identical NOD2 mutations were identified in patients with Blau syndrome as well as in patients diagnosed with EOS, confirming earlier suspicions that they represented the same disease (summary by Borzutzky et al., 2010). Unlike older children diagnosed with sarcoidosis, these patients have no apparent pulmonary involvement; however, the disease is progressive and may result in severe complications such as blindness and/or joint destruction (Shetty and Gedalia, 1998).

BLAU SYNDROME; BLAUS Is also known as arthrocutaneouveal granulomatosis|granulomatous inflammatory arthritis, dermatitis, and uveitis, familial|eos|jabs syndrome|granulomatosis, familial juvenile systemic|acug|sarcoidosis, early-onset|granulomatosis, familial, blau type

• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Cataract
• Flexion contracture
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a very rare disorder belonging to the heterogeneous group of genetic fibromatoses and is characterized by progressive joint contractures, skin abnormalities, severe chronic pain and widespread deposition of hyaline material in many tissues such as the skin, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, spleen, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia
• Feeding difficulties
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Farber disease is a rare sphingolipid disorder characterized by a spectrum of clinical signs ranging from the classical triad of painful and progressively deformed joints, subcutaneous nodules, and progressive hoarseness (due to laryngeal involvement) that presents in infancy, to varying phenotypes with respiratory and neurologic involvement.

FARBER DISEASE Is also known as acid ceramidase deficiency|ac deficiency|farber lipogranulomatosis|ceramidase deficiency|farber disease|n-laurylsphingosine deacylase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Nystagmus
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIB (MEN2B) is an autosomal dominant hamartoneoplastic syndrome characterized by aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas, and thickened corneal nerves. Most affected individuals have characteristic physical features, including full lips, thickened eyelids, high-arched palate, and marfanoid habitus. Other more variable features include skeletal anomalies and gastrointestinal problems (review by Morrison and Nevin, 1996).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), see MEN1 (OMIM ).

MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA, TYPE IIB; MEN2B Is also known as men iib|multiple endocrine neoplasia, type iii, formerly|wagenmann-froboese syndrome|men3, formerly|neuromata, mucosal, with endocrine tumors

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a severely disabling heritable disorder of connective tissue characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification that forms qualitatively normal bone in characteristic extraskeletal sites.

FIBRODYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA Is also known as stone man syndrome|fop|myositis ossificans progressiva

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the triad of imperforate anus, dysplastic ears often associated with sensorineural and/or conductive hearing impairment, and thumb malformations. These features are often associated with other signs mainly affecting the kidneys and heart.

TOWNES-BROCKS SYNDROME Is also known as renal-ear-anal-radial syndrome|tbs|rear syndrome|townes syndrome|imperforate anus with hand, foot and ear anomalies|sensorineural deafness with imperforate anus and hypoplastic thumbs

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by ocular anomalies, skin lesions, and central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (Moog et al., 2007).The malformations in ECCL are patchy and asymmetric. The most characteristic skin anomaly is nevus psiloliparus, a well-demarcated, alopecic fatty tissue nevus on the scalp, seen in 80% of affected individuals. Other dermatologic features include frontotemporal or zygomatic subcutaneous fatty lipomas, non-scarring alopecia, focal dermal hypoplasia or aplasia of the scalp, periocular skin tags, and pigmentary abnormalities following the lines of Blaschko. Choristomas of the eye (epibulbar dermoids or lipodermoids) are also present in 80% of patients, and can be unilateral or bilateral. Characteristic CNS features in ECCL include intracranial and intraspinal lipomas, seen in 61% of patients, and less often cerebral asymmetry, arachnoid cysts, enlarged ventricles, and leptomeningeal angiomatosis. A predisposition to low-grade gliomas has also been observed. Seizures and intellectual disability are common, but one-third of affected individuals have normal intellect. Skeletal manifestations include bone cysts and jaw tumors, such as odontomas, osteomas, and ossifying fibromas (summary by Bennett et al., 2016).

ENCEPHALOCRANIOCUTANEOUS LIPOMATOSIS Is also known as haberland syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a difficult to recognize, under-diagnosed genodermatosis characterized by the presence of multiple hamartomas in various tissues and an increased risk for malignancies of the breast, thyroid, endometrium, kidney and colorectum. When CS is accompanied by germline PTEN mutations, it belongs to the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS; see this term) group.

COWDEN SYNDROME Is also known as bzs|cowden disease|bbrs|macrocephaly, multiple lipomas, and hemangiomata|pten hamartoma tumor syndrome with granular cell tumor|bannayan-zonana syndrome|macrocephaly, pseudopapilledema, and multiple hemangiomata|cs|cd|mham|pten hamartoma tumor syndrome|ri

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN