Failure to thrive, and Smooth philtrum

Yuan-Harel-Lupski syndrome is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay and early-onset peripheral neuropathy. The disorder comprises features of both demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A ), which results from duplication of the PMP22 gene on 17p12, and Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS ), which results from duplication of a slightly proximal region on 17p11.2 that includes the RAI1 gene. These 2 loci are about 2.5 Mb apart. The resultant YUHAL phenotype may be more severe in comparison to the individual contributions of each gene, with particularly early onset of peripheral neuropathy and features of both central and peripheral nervous system involvement (summary by Yuan et al., 2015).

PMP22-RAI1 CONTIGUOUS GENE DUPLICATION SYNDROME Is also known as trisomy 17p11.2-p12|dup(17)(p11.2p12)|trisomy 17p11.2p12|yuan-harel-lupski syndrome|17p11.2p12 microduplication syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the triad of amelogenesis imperfect, infantile onset epilepsy, intellectual disability with or without regression and dementia.

AMELOCEREBROHYPOHIDROTIC SYNDROME Is also known as epilepsy and yellow teeth|kohlschutter syndrome|kohlschutter-tonz syndrome|epilepsy, dementia, and amelogenesis imperfecta|epilepsy-dementia-amelogenesis imperfecta syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIIP) is caused by severe abnormality of gastrointestinal motility. Patients have recurrent symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction without any mechanical lesion (Auricchio et al., 1996).Some primary forms of CIIP are caused by defects of enteric neuronal cells: see Hirschsprung disease (see, e.g., HSCR1; {142623}) and autosomal recessive visceral neuropathy (OMIM ) (Tanner et al., 1976).

INTESTINAL PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION, NEURONAL, CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC, X-LINKED Is also known as intestinal pseudoobstruction, neuronal, chronic idiopathic, with central nervous system involvement|ciipx|ipox|ciip, x-linked|congenital idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction|ciip

• Seizures
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Abnormal facial shape
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

COG1-CDG is an extremely rare form of CDG syndrome (see this term) characterized clinically in the few cases reported to date by variable signs including microcephaly, growth retardation, psychomotor retardation and facial dysmorphism.

COG1-CDG Is also known as congenital disorder of glycosylation type iig|cdgii/cog1 cerebrocostomandibular-like syndrome|cdg iig|cdg2g|cdg-iig|congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2g|cdgiig|carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type iig|cdg syndrome type iig

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

PYCR2-related microcephaly-progressive leukoencephalopathy is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by progressive postnatal microcephaly, cerebral hypomyelination and severe psychomotor developmental delayed with absent speech, as well as axial hypotonia, appendicular hypertonia with hyperextensibility of the wrists and ankles, hyperreflexia, severe muscle wasting and failure to thrive. Associated craniofacial dysmorphism includes triangular facies with bitemporal narrowing, down- or upslanting palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia, large malformed ears with overfolded helices, upturned bulbous nose, long smooth philtrum and thin vermilion borders.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive
• Micrognathia
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome is characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, limited or no speech, and variable but characteristic facial features, including round face, prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, and low-set ears. Other features may include hypotonia, poor growth, microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and seizures. The phenotype is variable, and not all features are observed in all patients, which may be explained in some cases by incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity (summary by Ballif et al., 2012).Patients with autosomal dominant mental retardation-22 have a phenotype similar to that in patients with chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome (de Munnik et al., 2014).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism of the urea cycle which causes hyperammonemia. The disorder is treatable with supplemental dietary arginine and low protein diet.Urea cycle disorders are characterized by the triad of hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, and respiratory alkalosis. Five disorders involving different defects in the biosynthesis of the enzymes of the urea cycle have been described: OTC deficiency, carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency (OMIM ), argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency, or citrullinemia (OMIM ), argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (OMIM ), and arginase deficiency (OMIM ).

ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY, HYPERAMMONEMIA DUE TO Is also known as ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency|otc deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (CLSD), also known as Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome, is characterized by the specific association of large and late-closing fontanels, hypertelorism, early-onset cataract and mild generalized skeletal dysplasia.

CRANIOLENTICULOSUTURAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as boyadjiev-jabs syndrome

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies-2 is a severe autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with onset at birth or in early infancy. Affected individuals show severe global developmental delay with poor or absent speech and absent or limited ability to walk. Some patients may have seizures that can be controlled; brain structure is typically normal (summary by Shamseldin et al., 2016).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies, see IHPRF1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN