Failure to thrive, and Nevus

Melorheostosis is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by a sclerosing bone dysplasia, usually limited to one side of the body (rarely bilateral), that manifests with pain, stiffness, joint contractures and deformities.

MELORHEOSTOSIS Is also known as mel

• Failure to thrive
• Pain
• Flexion contracture
• Hypertension
• Skeletal muscle atrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

A large, or giant, congenital melanocytic nevus (LCMN or GCMN) is a pigmented skin lesion of more than 20 cm - or 40 cm- respectively, projected adult diameter, composed of melanocytes, and presenting with an elevated risk of malignant transformation.

LARGE CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NEVUS Is also known as gphn|pigmented moles|lcmn|giant congenital pigmented nevus|giant congenital melanocytic nevus|congenital pigmented nevus|giant pigmented hairy nevus|gmn

• Seizures
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Hydrocephalus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) is a complex developmental disorder involving characteristic craniofacial features, cardiac anomalies, hair and skin abnormalities, postnatal growth deficiency, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Distinctive features of CFC3 include macrostomia and horizontal shape of palpebral fissures (Schulz et al., 2008).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Progeroid syndrome, Petty type is a rare premature aging syndrome characterized by pre-and postnatal growth retardation, a congenital premature-aged appearance with distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism (wide calvaria with large open anterior fontanel and wide metopic suture, broad forehead, small face, micrognathia), markedly diminished subcutaneous fat, cutis laxa and wrinkled skin, without delay in psychomotor development. Scant, brittle hair, hypoplastic nails and delayed, abnormal dentition, as well as hypoplastic distal phalanges, umbilical hernia and eye abnormalities (myopia/hyperopia, strabismus), are also commonly associated.

PROGEROID SYNDROME, PETTY TYPE Is also known as petty syndrome|petty-laxova-wiedemann syndrome

• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Strabismus
• Epicanthus
• Intrauterine growth retardation

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria syndrome (MCAP) is a polymalfomative syndrome characterized by cutaneous capillary malformations, megalencephaly, cortical brain malformations (most distinctively polymicrogyria), abnormalities of somatic growth with body and brain asymmetry, developmental delay, and characteristic facial dysmorphism.

MEGALENCEPHALY-CAPILLARY MALFORMATION-POLYMICROGYRIA SYNDROME Is also known as megalencephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome|macrocephaly-capillary malformation syndrome|mcmtc|mcap|megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome|macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita syndrome|mcm

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; CLN) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in different patterns ultrastructurally. The lipopigment pattern seen most often in CLN1 is referred to as granular osmiophilic deposits (GROD). The patterns most often observed in CLN2 and CLN3 are 'curvilinear' and 'fingerprint' profiles, respectively. CLN4, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7, and CLN8 show mixed combinations of granular, curvilinear, fingerprint, and rectilinear profiles. The clinical course includes progressive dementia, seizures, and progressive visual failure (Mole et al., 2005).Zeman and Dyken (1969) referred to these conditions as the 'neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses.' Goebel (1995) provided a comprehensive review of the NCLs and noted that they are possibly the most common group of neurodegenerative diseases in children.Mole et al. (2005) provided a detailed clinical and genetic review of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Genetic Heterogeneity of Neuronal Ceroid LipofuscinosisSee also CLN2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TPP1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11p15; CLN3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CLN3 gene (OMIM ) on 16p12; CLN4A (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CLN6 gene (OMIM ) on 15q21; CLN4B (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the DNAJC5 gene (OMIM ) on 20q13; CLN5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CLN5 gene (OMIM ) on 13q; CLN6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CLN6 gene (OMIM ) on 15q21; CLN7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MFSD8 gene (OMIM ) on 4q28; CLN8 (OMIM ) and the Northern epilepsy variant of CLN8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CLN8 gene (OMIM ) on 8pter; CLN10 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CTSD gene (OMIM ) on 11p15; CLN11 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the GRN gene (OMIM ) on 17q; CLN13 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CTSF gene (OMIM ) on 11q13; and CLN14 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KCTD7 gene (OMIM ) on 7q11.CLN9 (OMIM ) has not been molecularly characterized.A disorder that was formerly designated neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-12 (CLN12) is now considered to be a variable form of Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS ).

CLN1 DISEASE Is also known as ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 1, variable age at onset

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME DUE TO 16P13.3 MICRODELETION Is also known as rubinstein-taybi deletion syndrome|rsts deletion syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), is a multifactorial disorder of the small intestine that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins (summary by Farrell and Kelly, 2002). Long regarded as gastrointestinal disorder of childhood, the disease is now considered to be a chronic systemic autoimmune disease and is more often diagnosed in adults than in children (Monsuur et al., 2005).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of celiac disease, see MAPPING.

CELIAC DISEASE, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1; CELIAC1 Is also known as celiac sprue, susceptibility to, 1|gluten-sensitive enteropathy, susceptibility to, 1

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (CAN) is a very rare, clinically heterogeneous form of faciocraniostenosis with Crouzon-like features and premature synostosis of cranial sutures (Crouzon disease, see this term), associated with acanthosis nigricans (AN; see this term).

CROUZON SYNDROME-ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS SYNDROME Is also known as crouzon-dermoskeletal syndrome|crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome

• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Failure to thrive
• Strabismus
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

15q13.3 microdeletion (microdel15q13.3) syndrome is characterized by a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with no or subtle dysmorphic features.

15Q13.3 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as del(15)(q13.3)|chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome|monosomy 15q13.3

• Seizures
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar affective disorder

SOURCES: MESH MENDELIAN