Failure to thrive, and Increased serum lactate

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 9 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by initially normal growth and development followed by the infantile-onset of failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, poor feeding, dyspnea, severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatomegaly. Laboratory studies report increased plasma lactate and alanine, abnormal liver enzymes and decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 9 Is also known as coxpd9

• Global developmental delay
• Failure to thrive
• Feeding difficulties
• Hepatomegaly
• Cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8 is a mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis resulting in deficiency of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the cardiac and skeletal muscle and brain characterized by severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypoplasia, generalized muscle weakness and neurological involvement.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 8 Is also known as cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic mitochondrial, fatal infantile|coxpd8

• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Motor delay
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congestive heart failure

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cardiomyopathy-hypotonia-lactic acidosis syndrome is characterised by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscular hypotonia and the presence of lactic acidosis at birth. It has been described in two sisters (both of whom died within the first year of life) from a nonconsanguineous Turkish family. The syndrome is caused by a homozygous point mutation in the exon 3A of the SLC25A3 gene encoding a mitochondrial membrane transporter.

CARDIOMYOPATHY-HYPOTONIA-LACTIC ACIDOSIS SYNDROME Is also known as mpcd

• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Muscular hypotonia
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Respiratory distress

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

COXPD34 is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a defect in mitochondrial function. The phenotype is variable, but may include congenital sensorineural deafness, increased serum lactate, and hepatic and renal dysfunction. Neurologic function is relatively preserved (summary by Menezes et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (OMIM ).

SYNDROMIC SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS DUE TO COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT Is also known as syndromic sensorineural deafness due to coxpd|syndromic sensorineural hearing loss due to coxpd

• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Hepatomegaly
• Vomiting

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive disorder of systemic energy metabolism, resulting in weakness, respiratory failure, lack of neurologic development, lactic acidosis, and early death (summary by Seyda et al., 2001). Genetic Heterogeneity of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions SyndromeSee also MMDS2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the BOLA3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2p13; MMDS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the IBA57 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q42; MMDS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ISCA2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 14q24; MMDS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ISCA1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9q21; and MMDS6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PMPCB gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q22.

MULTIPLE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTIONS SYNDROME 1; MMDS1 Is also known as mmds

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Glycogen synthetase deficiency, or glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 0, is a genetically inherited anomaly of glycogen metabolism and a form of GSD characterized by fasting hypoglycemia. This is not a glycogenosis, strictly speaking, as the enzyme deficiency decreases glycogen reserves.

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE DUE TO HEPATIC GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as gsd 0a|gsd type 0a|glycogen storage disease type 0a|glycogen storage disease due to liver glycogen synthase deficiency|glycogenosis type 0a|hypoglycemia with deficiency of glycogen synthetase in the liver|gsd due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiency|li

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Fatigue

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 30 Is also known as coxpd30

• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Failure to thrive
• Feeding difficulties
• Respiratory failure

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MGCA9 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset seizures, severely delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. Patients have hypotonia or spasticity, and laboratory investigations show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggestive of a mitochondrial defect (summary by Shahrour et al., 2017).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (OMIM ).

3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA TYPE 9 Is also known as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria-epilepsy-spasticity-severe intellectual disability syndrome|mga9

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 17 is a rare, genetic, mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by infantile-onset of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (that occasionally progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy) associated with failure to thrive, global development delay, muscular hypotonia, elevated serum lactate and complex I deficiency in skeletal muscle biopsy. Intellectual disability, pericardial effusion and a mild cardiac phenotype have been also reported.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 17 Is also known as coxpd17

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-6 is an autosomal recessive severe neurodegenerative disorder with onset in early childhood. Affected individuals may have initial normal development, but show neurologic regression in the first year of life. They have hypotonia, inability to walk, poor speech, intellectual disability, and motor abnormalities, such as ataxia, dystonia, and spasticity. Some patients may die in childhood. Laboratory evidence indicates that the disorder results from mitochondrial dysfunction (summary by Vogtle et al., 2018).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome, see MMDS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN