Epicanthus, and Protruding ear

Optic atrophy-intellectual disability syndrome is a rare, hereditary, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and significant visual impairment due to optic nerve atrophy, optic nerve hypoplasia or cerebral visual impairment. Other common clinical signs and symptoms are hypotonia, oromotor dysfunction, seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and repetitive behaviors. Dysmorphic facial features are variable and nonspecific.

OPTIC ATROPHY-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME Is also known as bbsoas|bosch-boonstra-schaaf optic atrophy syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Golabi-Ito-Hall syndrome is an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome (XLMR) characterized by intellectual deficiency, microcephaly and short stature. It belongs to the group of disorders collectively referred to as Renpenning syndrome.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most commonly occurring congenital structural forebrain anomaly in humans. HPE is associated with mental retardation and craniofacial malformations. Considerable heterogeneity in the genetic causes of HPE has been demonstrated (Ming et al., 2002).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome is characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, limited or no speech, and variable but characteristic facial features, including round face, prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, and low-set ears. Other features may include hypotonia, poor growth, microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and seizures. The phenotype is variable, and not all features are observed in all patients, which may be explained in some cases by incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity (summary by Ballif et al., 2012).Patients with autosomal dominant mental retardation-22 have a phenotype similar to that in patients with chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome (de Munnik et al., 2014).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by a cleft palate, ocular coloboma, hypospadias, mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss, short stature, and radio-ulnar synostosis.

ABRUZZO-ERICKSON SYNDROME Is also known as cleft palate-coloboma-deafness syndrome|charge-like syndrome|charge-like syndrome, x-linked

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B is a rare, hereditary, developmental defect with connective tissue involvement characterized by cutis laxa of variable severity, in utero growth restriction, congenital hip dislocation and joint hyperlaxity, wrinkling of the skin, in particular the dorsum of hands and feet, and progeroid facial features. Hypotonia, developmental delay, and intellectual disability are common. In addition, cataracts, corneal clouding, wormian bones, lipodystrophy and osteopenia have been reported.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CUTIS LAXA TYPE 2B Is also known as autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2, progeroid type|cutis laxa with progeroid features|arcl2, progeroid type|arcl2b

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized overgrowth, mainly of height, and mildly delayed psychomotor development with mild or severe learning difficulties. More variable features may include congenital heart defects, kidney abnormalities, and skeletal defects. Patients may have an increased risk for Wilms tumor (summary by Akawi et al., 2016).

TALL STATURE-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-RENAL ANOMALIES SYNDROME Is also known as thauvin-robinet-faivre syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Gordon syndrome, also known as distal arthrogryposis type 3, is an extremely rare multiple congenital malformation syndrome characterized by congenital contractures of hand and feet with variable degrees of severity of camptodactyly, clubfoot and, less frequently, cleft palate. Intelligence is normal but in some cases, additional abnormalities, such as short stature, kyphoscoliosis, ptosis, micrognathia, and cryptorchidism may also be present. Gordon syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome and arthrogryposis with oculomotor limitation and electroretinal anomalies clinically and genetically overlap, and could represent variable expressions of the same condition.

GORDON SYNDROME Is also known as distal arthrogryposis type iia|arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal, type iia|camptodactyly, cleft palate, and clubfoot|gordon syndrome|distal arthrogryposis type 3|camptodactyly-cleft palate-clubfoot syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Sheldon-Hall syndrome (SHS) is a rare multiple congenital contracture syndrome characterized by contractures of the distal joints of the limbs, triangular face, downslanting palpebral fissures, small mouth, and high arched palate.

SHELDON-HALL SYNDROME Is also known as arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal, type ii, with craniofacial abnormalities|sheldon-hall syndrome|shs|distal arthrogryposis type 2b|fssv|arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal, type 2b|freeman-sheldon syndrome variant

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN