Epicanthus, and Pectus carinatum

20p12.3 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (see this term), variable developmental delay and facial dysmorphism.

20P12.3 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as del(20)(p12.3)|monosomy 20p12.3

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MRXSB is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability with behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features. Additional variable features include musculoskeletal abnormalities, seizures, acquired microcephaly, and feeding problems with poor overall growth. Only females are affected (summary by Bain et al., 2016).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is characterized by blue sclerae, corneal rupture after minor trauma, keratoconus or keratoglobus, hyperelasticity of the skin, and hypermobility of the joints (Al-Hussain et al., 2004). It is classified as a form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Malfait et al., 2017). Genetic Heterogeneity of Brittle Cornea SyndromeBrittle cornea syndrome-2 (BCS2 ) is caused by mutation in the PRDM5 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4q27.

BRITTLE CORNEA SYNDROME 1; BCS1 Is also known as ehlers-danlos syndrome, type vib, formerly|dysgenesis mesodermalis corneae et sclerae|corneal fragility, keratoglobus, blue sclerae, joint hyperextensibility|eds6b, formerly|fragilitas oculi with joint hyperextensibility

• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Epicanthus
• Myopia
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Penoscrotal transposition (PST) is a rare congenital genital anomaly in which the scrotum is positioned superior and anterior to the penis. PST may present with a broad spectrum of anomalies ranging from simple shawl scrotum (doughnut scrotum) to very complex extreme transposition with craniofacial, central nervous system, cardiac, gastrointestinal, urological, and other genital (undescended testicles, hypospadias, chordee) malformations. Growth deficiency and intellectual disability may also be noticed (60% of cases).

PENOSCROTAL TRANSPOSITION Is also known as dihydrotestosterone receptor deficiency|testicular feminization syndrome|androgen receptor deficiency|dhtr deficiency|ar deficiency|tfm

• Intellectual disability
• Neoplasm
• Micrognathia
• Cryptorchidism
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS-NOONAN SYNDROME; NFNS Is also known as neurofibromatosis with noonan phenotype|noonan-neurofibromatosis syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Lamb-Shaffer syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, poor expressive speech, and mild dysmorphic facial features. Additional variable skeletal abnormalities may also be present (summary by Nesbitt et al., 2015).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

The Opitz GBBB syndrome is a congenital midline malformation syndrome characterized by hypertelorism, hypospadias, cleft lip/palate, laryngotracheoesophageal abnormalities, imperforate anus, developmental delay, and cardiac defects (So et al., 2005).This disorder was first reported as 2 separate entities, BBB syndrome and G syndrome; subsequent reports of families in which the BBB and G syndromes segregated within a single kindred suggested that they represent a single entity. Genetic HeterogeneitySee also GBBB2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SPECC1L gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 22q11.

OPITZ GBBB SYNDROME, TYPE I; GBBB1 Is also known as opitz bbbg syndrome, type i|opitz syndrome|os|opitz syndrome, x-linked|ogs1|hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome|osx|telecanthus-hypospadias syndrome|opitz gbbb syndrome, x-linked|bbbg1|hypertelorism with esophageal abnormality and hypospadias|opitz-g syndr

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Sillence syndrome (brachydactyly-symphalangism syndrome) resembles type A1 brachydactyly (variable shortening of the middle phalanges of all digits) with associated symphalangism (producing a distal phalanx with the shape of a chess pawn). Scoliosis, clubfoot and tall stature are also characteristic.

SILLENCE SYNDROME Is also known as synostoses, multiple, with brachydactyly|symphalangism-brachydactyly syndrome|wl syndrome|brachydactyly-symphalangism syndrome|facioaudiosymphalangism syndrome|deafness-symphalangism syndrome of herrmann

• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Strabismus
• Epicanthus
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS), a skeletal muscle disorder most often inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, is one of the main causes of death due to anesthesia. In susceptible people, a malignant hyperthermia episode is triggered by exposure to commonly used volatile anesthetic agents such as halothane or depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinyl choline. A fulminant MH crisis is characterized by any combination of hyperthermia, skeletal muscle rigidity, tachycardia or arrhythmia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis. Except for this susceptibility to triggering agents, MHS patients are not clinically distinguishable from the general population (summary by Monnier et al., 1997). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Malignant HyperthermiaOther MHS loci include MHS2 (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q; MHS3 (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q; MHS4 (OMIM ) on chromosome 3q; MHS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CACNA1S gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q32; and MHS6 (OMIM ) on chromosome 5p.

MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1; MHS1 Is also known as mhs|hyperthermia of anesthesia|mh|hyperpyrexia, malignant

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

MPSPS is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism resulting in a multisystem disorder with features of the mucopolysaccharidosis lysosomal storage diseases (see, e.g., {607016}). Patients present in infancy or early childhood with respiratory difficulties, cardiac problems, anemia, dysostosis multiplex, renal involvement, coarse facies, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients die of cardiorespiratory failure in the first years of life (summary by Kondo et al., 2017).

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS-LIKE SYNDROME WITH CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS AND HEMATOPOIETIC DISORDERS Is also known as mucopolysaccharidosis-like plus disease

• Global developmental delay
• Abnormal facial shape
• Spasticity
• Anemia
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN