Epicanthus, and Congenital cataract

Basel-Vanagaite-Smirin-Yosef syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly disorder characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development resulting in mental retardation, as well as variable eye, brain, cardiac, and palatal abnormalities (summary by Basel-Vanagaite et al., 2015).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by disproportionately short stature primarily affecting the proximal parts of the extremities, a typical facial appearance including a broad nasal bridge, epicanthus, high-arched palate, dysplastic external ears, and micrognathia, congenital contractures, characteristic ocular involvement, dwarfism, and severe mental retardation with spasticity. Biochemically, plasmalogen synthesis and phytanic acid alpha-oxidation are defective. Most patients die in the first decade of life. RCDP1 (OMIM ) is the most frequent form of RCDP (summary by Wanders and Waterham, 2005). Whereas RCDP1 is a peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD), RCDP2 is classified as a single peroxisome enzyme deficiency (Waterham and Ebberink, 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, see {215100}.

RHIZOMELIC CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA TYPE 2 Is also known as chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic, due to dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase deficiency|gnpat deficiency|dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase deficiency|peroxisomal dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase deficiency|dhapat deficiency|gly

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Ayme-Gripp syndrome is a clinically homogeneous phenotype characterized by congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, seizures, brachycephaly, a distinctive flat facial appearance, and reduced growth (Niceta et al., 2015).

AYME-GRIPP SYNDROME; AYGRP Is also known as cataracts, congenital, with sensorineural deafness, down syndrome-like facial appearance, short stature, and mental retardation

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by disproportionately short stature primarily affecting the proximal parts of the extremities, a typical facial appearance including a broad nasal bridge, epicanthus, high-arched palate, dysplastic external ears, and micrognathia, congenital contractures, characteristic ocular involvement, dwarfism, and severe mental retardation with spasticity. Biochemically, plasmalogen synthesis and phytanic acid alpha-oxidation are defective. Most patients die in the first decade of life (summary by Wanders and Waterham, 2005).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, see {215100}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Scalp-ear-nipple syndrome is characterised by the following triad: areas of hairless raw skin over the scalp (present at birth and healing during childhood), prominent, hypoplastic ears with almost absent pinnae, and bilateral amastia. Thirty cases have been described so far. Renal and urinary tract abnormalities, as well as cataract, have also been observed. Transmission is autosomal dominant.

SCALP-EAR-NIPPLE SYNDROME Is also known as finlay-marks syndrome|sen syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cataract
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Knobloch syndrome (KS) is defined by vitreoretinal and macular degeneration, and occipital encephalocele.

KNOBLOCH SYNDROME Is also known as retinal detachment and occipital encephalocele|knobloch-layer syndrome|retinal detachment-occipital encephalocele syndrome|kno

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Isolated complex III deficiency is a rare, genetic, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from isolated myopathy or transient hepatopathy to severe multisystem disorder (that may include hypotonia, failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, cardiomyopathy, encephalopathy, renal tubulopathy, hearing impairment, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia and other signs and symptoms).

ISOLATED COMPLEX III DEFICIENCY Is also known as isolated coq-cytochrome c reductase deficiency|isolated ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase deficiency|isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex iii deficiency|isolated coenzyme q-cytochrome c reductase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Marshall syndrome is a malformation syndrome that is characterized by facial dysmorphism, severe hypoplasia of the nasal bones and frontal sinuses, ocular involvement, early-onset hearing loss, skeletal and anhidrotic ectodermal anomalies and short stature with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and early-onset osteoarthritis.

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Adams-Oliver syndrome-2 is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and terminal transverse limb defects, in association with variable involvement of the brain, eyes, and cardiovascular systems (summary by Shaheen et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Adams-Oliver syndrome, see AOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by disproportionately short stature primarily affecting the proximal parts of the extremities, a typical facial appearance including a broad nasal bridge, epicanthus, high-arched palate, dysplastic external ears, and micrognathia, congenital contractures, characteristic ocular involvement, dwarfism, and severe mental retardation with spasticity. Biochemically, plasmalogen synthesis and phytanic acid alpha-oxidation are defective. Most patients die in the first decade of life. RCDP1 is the most frequent form of RCDP (summary by Wanders and Waterham, 2005).Individuals with RCDP1, carrying mutations in the PEX7 gene, have cells of peroxisome biogenesis disorder (PBD) complementation group 11 (CG11, equivalent to CGR). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}. Genetic Heterogeneity of Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia PunctataRCDP2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the gene encoding acyl-CoA:dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (GNPAT ) on chromosome 1q42. RCDP3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the gene encoding alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (alkyl-DHAP synthase) (AGPS ) on chromosome 2q31. RCDP5 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the gene encoding peroxisomal biogenesis factor-5 (PEX5 ) on chromosome 12p13.Whereas RCDP1 is a peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD), RCDP2 and RCDP3 are classified as single peroxisome enzyme deficiencies (Waterham and Ebberink, 2012).

RHIZOMELIC CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, TYPE 1; RCDP1 Is also known as pbd9|chondrodystrophia calcificans punctata|chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic form|peroxisome biogenesis disorder 9|cdpr

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN