Edema, and Ambiguous genitalia

Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare urogenital disorder characterized by the association of diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS), male pseudohermaphroditism with a 46,XY karyotype, and nephroblastoma.

DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME Is also known as drash syndrome|wilms tumor-disorder of sex development syndrome|wilms tumor-dsd syndrome

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Edema
• Renal insufficiency
• Micropenis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME; DDS Is also known as nephropathy, wilms tumor, and genital anomalies|drash syndrome|wilms tumor and pseudo- or true hermaphroditism

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency is a very rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; see this term) encompassing salt-wasting and non-salt wasting forms with a wide variety of symptoms, including glucocorticoid deficiency and male undervirilization manifesting as a micropenis to severe perineoscrotal hypospadias.

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA DUE TO 3-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as cah due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency

• Cryptorchidism
• Feeding difficulties
• Vomiting
• Hypospadias
• Delayed skeletal maturation

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Inherited isolated adrenal insufficiency due to partial CYP11A1 deficiency is a rare, genetic, chronic, primary adrenal insufficiency disorder, due to partial loss-of-function CYP11A1 mutations, characterized by early-onset adrenal insufficiency without associated abnormal external male genitalia. Patients present with signs of adrenal crisis, including electrolite abnormalities, severe weakness, recurrent vomiting and seizures. Ultrasound reveals absent (or very small) adrenal glands.

• Failure to thrive
• Cryptorchidism
• Feeding difficulties
• Vomiting
• Delayed skeletal maturation

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

46,XY disorder of sex development-adrenal insufficiency due to CYP11A1 deficiency is a rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis disorder characterized by severe, early-onset, salt-wasting adrenal insufficiency and ambiguous/female external genitalia (irrespective of chromosomal sex) due to mutations in the CYP11A1 gene. Milder cases may present delayed onset of adrenal gland dysfunction and genitalia phenotype may range from normal male to female in individuals with 46,XY karyotype. Imaging studies reveal hypoplastic/absent adrenal glands and biochemical findings include low serum cortisol, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and sodium, with elevated potassium levels.

46,XY DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT-ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY DUE TO CYP11A1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as xy sex reversal-adrenal failure|p450scc deficiency

• Failure to thrive
• Cryptorchidism
• Feeding difficulties
• Talipes equinovarus
• Vomiting

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

The Opitz GBBB syndrome is a congenital midline malformation syndrome characterized by hypertelorism, hypospadias, cleft lip/palate, laryngotracheoesophageal abnormalities, imperforate anus, developmental delay, and cardiac defects (So et al., 2005).This disorder was first reported as 2 separate entities, BBB syndrome and G syndrome; subsequent reports of families in which the BBB and G syndromes segregated within a single kindred suggested that they represent a single entity. Genetic HeterogeneitySee also GBBB2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SPECC1L gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 22q11.

OPITZ GBBB SYNDROME, TYPE I; GBBB1 Is also known as opitz bbbg syndrome, type i|opitz syndrome|os|opitz syndrome, x-linked|ogs1|hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome|osx|telecanthus-hypospadias syndrome|opitz gbbb syndrome, x-linked|bbbg1|hypertelorism with esophageal abnormality and hypospadias|opitz-g syndr

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hypertelorism
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 6 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD6 Is also known as majewski syndrome|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type ii|srps2a|srps, type ii|polydactyly with neonatal chondrodystrophy, type ii|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type iia

• Short stature
• Cleft palate
• Delayed speech and language development
• Motor delay
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Short rib-polydactyly syndrome, Verma-Naumoff type is a short rib-polydactyly syndrome characterized by short limb dwarfism, short ribs with thoracic dysplasia, postaxial polydactyly and protuberant abdomen. Associated multiple malformations include cardiovascular defects, renal agenesis /hypoplasia, abnormal cloacal development (ambiguous genitalia, anal atresia) and cerebellar hypoplasia. Short rib-polydactyly syndrome, Verma-Naumoff type follows an autosomal recessive mode of transmission. The disease is usually fatal in the perinatal period.

SHORT RIB-POLYDACTYLY SYNDROME, VERMA-NAUMOFF TYPE Is also known as short rib-polydactyly syndrome type 3

• Micrognathia
• Cataract
• Cryptorchidism
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), Beemer-Langer type is an extremely rare type of SRPS developing prenatally or immediately after birth and characterized by short and narrow thorax with horizontally oriented ribs. Other bone features include small iliac bones, short tubular bones, bowing of long bones and rarely pre- and post-axial polydactyly. Brain defects are common and some cases of cleft lip, absent internal genitalia and renal, biliary and pancreatic cysts have been reported. The course is rapidly fatal.

SHORT RIB-POLYDACTYLY SYNDROME, BEEMER-LANGER TYPE Is also known as short rib syndrome, beemer type|srps iv|short rib-polydactyly syndrome type 4|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type iv|beemer-langer syndrome|srps4

• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Schinzel phocomelia syndrome, also called limb/pelvis hypoplasia/aplasia syndrome, is characterized by skeletal malformations affecting the ulnae, pelvic bones, fibulae and femora. As the phenotype is similar to that described in the malformation syndrome known as Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild syndrome, they are thought to be the same disorder.

PHOCOMELIA, SCHINZEL TYPE Is also known as al-awadi/raas-rothschild syndrome|aarrs|lphas|congenital absence of ulna and fibula|aplasia/hypoplasia of limbs and pelvis|al awadi-raas-rothschild syndrome|severe limb deficit|limb/pelvis-hypoplasia/aplasia syndrome|schinzel phocomelia syndrome

• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN