Dysarthria, and Increased body weight

JBTS32 is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and postaxial polydactyly. Brain imaging shows cerebellar abnormalities consistent with the molar tooth sign (MTS) (summary by De Mori et al., 2017).For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see JBTS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

CONDBA is a severe progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor and cognitive skills between ages 2 and 7 years. Affected individuals may have normal development or mild developmental delay, but all eventually lose all motor skills, resulting in inability to walk, absence of language, and profound intellectual disability. Brain imaging shows progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy (summary by Edvardson et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3 is a rare, pure or complex subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia, with highly variable phenotype, typically characterized by childhood-onset of minimally progressive, bilateral, mainly symmetric lower limb spasticity and weakness, associated with pes cavus, diminished vibration sense, sphincter disturbances and/or urinary bladder hyperactivity. Additional associated manifestations may include scoliosis, mild intellectual disability, optic atrophy, axonal motor neuropathy and/or distal amyotrophy.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 3 Is also known as strÜmpell disease

• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Cataract
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 15 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of muscular hypotonia, gait ataxia, mild bilateral pyramidal tract signs, developmental delay (affecting mostly speech and coordination) and subsequent intellectual disability. Short stature, obesity, microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, lactic acidosis, and a brain neuropathology consistent with Leigh syndrome are also reported.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 15 Is also known as coxpd15

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG or HSP) is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG11 is a form of complicated SPG, in that it has neurologic features in addition to spasticity.For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive SPG, see SPG5A (OMIM ).

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 11 Is also known as spastic paraplegia-intellectual disability-thin corpus callosum syndrome|nakamura-osame syndrome|spastic paraplegia, autosomal recessive, with mental impairment and thin corpus callosum|spastic paraplegia, autosomal recessive, complicated, with thin corpu

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Kennedy disease is an X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It occurs only in men. Age at onset is usually in the third to fifth decade of life, but earlier involvement has been reported. The disorder is characterized by slowly progressive limb and bulbar muscle weakness with fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and gynecomastia (Harding et al., 1982). The disorder is clinically similar to, but genetically distinct from, classic forms of autosomal spinal muscular atrophy (see, e.g., SMA1; {253300}).

SPINAL AND BULBAR MUSCULAR ATROPHY, X-LINKED 1; SMAX1 Is also known as kd|bulbospinal neuronopathy, x-linked recessive|xbsn|spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy|kennedy disease|bulbospinal muscular atrophy, x-linked|sbma|kennedy spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Spastic paraplegia-severe developmental delay-epilepsy syndrome is a rare, genetic, complex spastic paraplegia disorder characterized by an infantile-onset of psychomotor developmental delay with severe intellectual disability and poor speech acquisition, associated with seizures (mostly myoclonic), muscular hypotonia which may be noted at birth, and slowly progressive spasticity in the lower limbs leading to severe gait disturbances. Ocular abnormalities and incontinence are commonly associated. Other symptoms may include verbal dyspraxia, hypogenitalism, macrocephaly and sensorineural hearing loss, as well as dystonic movements and ataxia with upper limb involvement.

SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA-SEVERE DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY-EPILEPSY SYNDROME Is also known as spastic paraplegia-psychomotor retardation-seizures syndrome|spprs syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a developmental genetic disorder characterized by the association of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, and anosmia or hyposmia (with hypoplasia or aplasia of the olfactory bulbs).

KALLMANN SYNDROME Is also known as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia|olfacto-genital pathological sequence

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Severe intellectual disability and progressive spastic paraplegia is a rare complex spastic paraplegia characterized by an early onset hypotonia that progresses to spasticity, global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability and speech impairment, microcephaly, short stature and dysmorphic features. Patients often become non-ambulatory, and some develop seizures and stereotypic laughter.

SEVERE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND PROGRESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA Is also known as ap4 deficiency syndrome|cpsq4, formerly|cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 4, formerly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Achondroplasia is the most common form of chondrodysplasia, characterized by rhizomelia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, brachydactyly, and macrocephaly with frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Muscular hypotonia
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN