Dysarthria, and Hyperlipidemia

Kennedy disease is an X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It occurs only in men. Age at onset is usually in the third to fifth decade of life, but earlier involvement has been reported. The disorder is characterized by slowly progressive limb and bulbar muscle weakness with fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and gynecomastia (Harding et al., 1982). The disorder is clinically similar to, but genetically distinct from, classic forms of autosomal spinal muscular atrophy (see, e.g., SMA1; {253300}).

SPINAL AND BULBAR MUSCULAR ATROPHY, X-LINKED 1; SMAX1 Is also known as kd|bulbospinal neuronopathy, x-linked recessive|xbsn|spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy|kennedy disease|bulbospinal muscular atrophy, x-linked|sbma|kennedy spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a neurodegenerative disease belonging to the inherited cerebellar ataxias. It is mainly characterized by progressive spino-cerebellar ataxia, loss of proprioception, areflexia, and is associated with a marked deficiency in vitamin E.

ATAXIA WITH VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY Is also known as familial isolated vitamin e deficiency|aved|ataxia with isolated vitamin e deficiency|isolated vitamin e deficiency|friedreich-like ataxia|ataxia, friedreich-like, with selective vitamin e deficiency

• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Muscle weakness
• Spasticity

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, intellectual deficit and extrapyramidal signs with choreoathetoid movements and dystonia.

WOODHOUSE-SAKATI SYNDROME Is also known as hypogonadism, alopecia, diabetes mellitus, mental retardation, deafness, and extrapyramidal syndrome|extrapyramidal disorder, progressive, with primary hypogonadism, mental retardation, and alopecia|diabetes-hypogonadism-deafness-intellectual disability s

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1A) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that affects mitochondrial oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the liver and kidneys, and is characterized by recurrent attacks of fasting-induced hypoketotic hypoglycemia and risk of liver failure.

CARNITINE PALMITOYL TRANSFERASE 1A DEFICIENCY Is also known as l-cpti deficiency|hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase i deficiency|carnitine palmitoyl transferase ia deficiency|hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 deficiency|l-cpt1 deficiency|cpt1a deficiency

• Seizures
• Muscular hypotonia
• Hepatomegaly
• Skeletal muscle atrophy
• Fatigue

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome is characterized by acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with distorted erythrocytes ('burr cells'). The vast majority of cases (90%) are sporadic, occur in children under 3 years of age, and are associated with epidemics of diarrhea caused by verotoxin-producing E. coli. The death rate is very low, about 30% of cases have renal sequelae, and there is usually no relapse of the disease. This form of HUS usually presents with a diarrhea prodrome (thus referred to as D+HUS) and has a good prognosis in most cases. In contrast, a subgroup of patients with HUS have an atypical presentation (aHUS or D-HUS) without a prodrome of enterocolitis and diarrhea and have a much poorer prognosis, with a tendency to relapse and frequent development of end-stage renal failure or death. These cases tend to be familial. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported (Goodship et al., 1997; Taylor, 2001; Veyradier et al., 2003; Noris et al., 2003). Noris and Remuzzi (2009) provided a detailed review of atypical HUS. Genetic Heterogeneity of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic SyndromeAtypical HUS is a genetically heterogeneous condition. Susceptibility to the development of the disorder can be conferred by mutations in various components of or regulatory factors in the complement cascade system (Jozsi et al., 2008). See AHUS2 (OMIM ), AHUS3 (OMIM ), AHUS4 (OMIM ), AHUS5 (OMIM ), and AHUS6 (OMIM ). AHUS7 (see {615008}) is caused by mutation in the DGKE gene (OMIM ), which is not part of the complement cascade system.

HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME, ATYPICAL, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1; AHUS1 Is also known as ahus, susceptibility to, 1

• Seizures
• Cognitive impairment
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Fever

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Adult-onset type II citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized clinically by the sudden onset of various neuropsychologic symptoms such as disorientation, abnormal behavior, convulsions, and coma due to hyperammonemia. In some cases, rapid progression can lead to brain edema and death if liver transplantation is not possible. Some patients may present with nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis or may develop hepatic fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with this disorder have a natural aversion to carbohydrates and favor protein, which is in contrast to protein aversion usually observed in patients with urea cycle defects (summary by Komatsu et al., 2008).

CITRULLINEMIA, TYPE II, ADULT-ONSET; CTLN2 Is also known as citrin deficiency

• Seizures
• Tremor
• Edema
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

CPT I deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder of long-chain fatty acid oxidation characterized by severe episodes of hypoketotic hypoglycemia usually occurring after fasting or illness. Onset is in infancy or early childhood (Bougneres et al., 1981)

CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE I DEFICIENCY Is also known as cpt deficiency, hepatic, type i|cpt i deficiency|carnitine palmitoyltransferase ia deficiency

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Feeding difficulties
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Severe neurodegenerative syndrome with lipodystrophy is a rare, genetic, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive psychomotor and cognitive regression (manifesting with gait ataxia, spasticity, loss of language, mild to severe intellectual disability, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and, frequently, development of tretraplegia or tetraparesis) associated with variable degrees of lipodystrophy, hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia and muscular hypertorphy. Hyperactivity, tremor and development of seizures may also be associated.

SEVERE NEURODEGENERATIVE SYNDROME WITH LIPODYSTROPHY Is also known as severe neurodegenerative syndrome due to bscl2 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Spasticity
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Shashi-Pena syndrome is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by delayed psychomotor development, variable intellectual disability, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and some unusual features, including enlarged head circumference, glabellar nevus flammeus, and deep palmar creases. Some patients may also have atrial septal defect, episodic hypoglycemia, changes in bone mineral density, and/or seizures (summary by Shashi et al., 2016).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by variable intellectual deficit, sleep disturbance, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies, psychiatric disorders, and speech and motor delay.

SMITH-MAGENIS SYNDROME Is also known as 17p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN