Depressed nasal bridge, and Polyhydramnios

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 8 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD8 Is also known as srps6|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type vi

• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Hepatomegaly
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Chitayat syndrome is a rare condition characterized by respiratory distress presenting at birth, bilateral accessory phalanx resulting in shortened index fingers with ulnar deviation, hallux valgus, and characteristic facial features including prominent eyes, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, full lips, and upturned nose (summary by Balasubramanian et al., 2017).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Abnormality of the skeletal system

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 (TD1) is a form of TD (see this term) characterized by short, bowed femurs, micromelia, narrow thorax, and brachydactyly.

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA TYPE 1 Is also known as thanatophoric dwarfism type 1|td1

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia (PLSD), Torrance type (PLSD-T) is a skeletal dysplasia characterised by severe limb shortening (short and broad long bones), platyspondyly with wafer-like vertebral bodies, short ribs with anterior cupping, severe hypoplasia of the lower ilia and radial bowing. Histological findings include slightly enlarged chondrocytes and hypercellularity. The prevalence is unknown. The disorder is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait and is caused by mutations in the C-propeptide domain of the COL2A1 gene. Although PLSD-T is generally lethal, survival to adulthood has been reported in two families.

PLATYSPONDYLIC DYSPLASIA, TORRANCE TYPE Is also known as platyspondylic dysplasia, torrance-luton type|thanatophoric dysplasia, torrance variant|lethal short-limbed platyspondylic dwarfism, torrance type|platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, torrance type|plsd-t

• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Macrocephaly
• Short neck

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Blomstrand lethal chondrodysplasia (BLC) is a neonatal osteosclerotic dysplasia (see this term) characterized by advanced endochondral bone maturation, very short limbs, dwarfism and prenatal lethality.

BLOMSTRAND LETHAL CHONDRODYSPLASIA Is also known as blomstrand chondrodysplasia|blomstrand osteochondrodysplasia|chondrodysplasia, blomstrand type|bocd|blc

• Micrognathia
• Cataract
• Low-set ears
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Anteverted nares

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Heart and brain malformation syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by profoundly delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphic facial features, microphthalmia, cardiac malformations, mainly septal defects, and brain malformations, including Dandy-Walker malformation (summary by Shaheen et al., 2016).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia, type 2 (TD2) is a form of TD (see this term) characterized by micromelia, straight long-bones, macrocephaly, brachydactyly, shortened ribs and a clover-leaf skull (kleeblattschaedel).

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA TYPE 2 Is also known as thanatophoric dwarfism type 2|cloverleaf skull-micromelic bone dysplasia syndrome|thanatophoric dysplasia with kleeblattschaedel|thanatophoric dysplasia with straight femurs and cloverleaf skull|td2|cloverleaf skull with thanatophoric dwarfism|thanatophor

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN