Depressed nasal bridge, and Neonatal hypotonia

The peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD) Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Affected children present in the newborn period with profound hypotonia, seizures, and inability to feed. Characteristic craniofacial anomalies, eye abnormalities, neuronal migration defects, hepatomegaly, and chondrodysplasia punctata are present. Children with this condition do not show any significant development and usually die in the first year of life (summary by Steinberg et al., 2006).For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Zellweger syndrome, see {214100}.Individuals with PBDs of complementation group 4 (CG4, equivalent to CG6 and CGC) have mutations in the PEX6 gene. For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see {214100}.

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 38; MRD38 Is also known as psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and language disability syndrome|prelds

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Severe intellectual disability-poor language-strabismus-grimacing face-long fingers syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by global development delay with very limited or absent speech and language, severe intellectual disability, long slender fingers, ocular abnormalities (typically strabismus or hypermetropia), and facial dysmorphism that includes a grimacing facial expression, a tubular-shaped nose with a prominent, broad base and tip, and other variable features, such as broad forehead, hypertelorism, deep-set eyes, narrow palpebral fissures, short philtrum and/or broad mouth.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

FG syndrome-4 is an X-linked recessive mental retardation syndrome characterized by congenital hypotonia, constipation, behavioral disturbances, and dysmorphic features (summary by Piluso et al., 2003).The name 'FG' derives from the first description of the disorder (FGS1 ) by Opitz and Kaveggia (1974), who named it 'FG syndrome' according to the Opitz system of using initials of patients' surnames. For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of FG syndrome, see FGS1 (OMIM ).FGS4 is typically associated with missense or hypomorphic mutations in the CASK gene. See also the more severe disorder MICPCH (OMIM ), an allelic disorder caused by complete loss-of-function mutations in the CASK gene (Tarpey et al., 2009).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 3 (PCH3), also known as cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly (CLAM) is a rare form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (see this term) with autosomal recessive transmission characterized neonatally by hypotonia and impaired swallowing and from infancy onward by seizures, optic atrophy and short stature, but none of the clinical findings are specific for PCH3.

PONTOCEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA TYPE 3 Is also known as pch without dyskinesia|cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly|clam|pch with optic atrophy|pch3

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Temple-Baraitser syndrome is a rare developmental anomalies syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability and distal hypoplasia of digits, particularly of thumbs and halluces, with nail aplasia or hypoplasia. Facial dysmorphism with a pseudo-myopathic appearance has been reported, which may include high anterior hairline or low frontal hairline with central cowlick, flat forehead, ptosis, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, ears with thick helices, broad depressed nasal bridge with anteverted nares, short columella, long philtrum, high-arched palate, broad mouth with thick vermilion border of the upper or the lower lip and downturned corners. Marked hypotonia, seizures and global developmental delay have been reported, associated with autistic spectrum disorder manifestations in some patients.

TEMPLE-BARAITSER SYNDROME Is also known as severe intellectual disability-aplasia/hypoplasia of thumb and hallux syndrome|mental retardation, severe, and absent nails of hallux and pollex|tmbts

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hartsfield syndrome is a rare, genetic, developmental defect during embryogenesis malformation syndrome characterized by the association of variable degrees of holoprosencephaly and uni- or bilateral ectrodactyly of the hands and/or feet. Additional variable features, including facial dysmorphism (e.g. hypertelorism, short bulbous nose, long philtrum, dysplastic/low-set ears, cleft lip and palate, tented upper lip), other brain malformations (such as corpus callosum agenesis, absent septum pellucidum, absent olfactory bulbs/tracts, vermian hypoplasia), pituitary gland-related endocrine disorders (e.g. central diabetes insipidus, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) and hypothalamic dysfunction, may be associated.

HARTSFIELD SYNDROME Is also known as holoprosencephaly-ectrodactyly-cleft lip/palate syndrome|holoprosencephaly, ectrodactyly, and bilateral cleft lip/palate

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

EVEN-PLUS syndrome is characterized by prenatal-onset short stature, vertebral and epiphyseal changes, microtia, midface hypoplasia with flat nose and triangular nares, cardiac malformations, and other findings including anal atresia, hypodontia, and aplasia cutis. The features overlap those reported in patients with CODAS syndrome ({600373}; Royer-Bertrand et al., 2015).

EVEN-PLUS SYNDROME Is also known as epiphysial-vertebral-ear dysplasia-nose-plus associated findings syndrome|epiphyseal and vertebral dysplasia, microtia, and flat nose, plus associated malformations

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that belongs to the group of inherited peroxisomal disorders and is characterized by hypotonia and seizures in the neonatal period and neurological regression in early infancy.

PEROXISOMAL ACYL-COA OXIDASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy|pseudo-neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy|pseudo-nald|pseudoadrenoleukodystrophy|straight-chain acyl-coa oxidase deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN