Depressed nasal bridge, and Hypertonia

Lethal left ventricular non-compaction-seizures-hypotonia-cataract-developmental delay syndrome is rare, genetic, neurometabolic disease characterized by global developmental delay, severe hypotonia, seizures, cataracts, cardiomyopathy (including left or bi-ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy) and left ventricular non-compaction, typically resulting in infantile or early-childhood death. Patients usually present metabolic lactic acidosis, failure to thrive, head lag, respiratory problems and decrease in respiratory chain complex activity. Highly variable cerebral abnormalities have been reported and include microcephaly, prominent extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces, diffuse neuronal loss and cortical/white matter gliosis.

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-64 is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by onset of seizures usually in the first year of life and associated with intellectual disability, poor motor development, and poor or absent speech. Additional features include hypotonia, abnormal movements, and nonspecific dysmorphic features. The severity is variable: some patients are unable to speak, walk, or interact with others as late as the teenage years, whereas others may have some comprehension (summary by Straub et al., 2018).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Otofaciocervical syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by distinct facial features (long triangular face, broad forehead, narrow nose and mandible, high arched palate), prominent, dysmorphic ears (low-set and cup-shaped with large conchae and hypoplastic tragus, antitragus and lobe), long neck, preauricular and/or branchial fistulas and/or cysts, hypoplastic cervical muscles with sloping shoulders and clavicles, winged, low, and laterally-set scapulae, hearing impairment and mild intellectual deficit. Vertebral defects and short stature may also be associated.

OTOFACIOCERVICAL SYNDROME Is also known as fara-chlupackova syndrome|ofc1|ofc syndrome|ofc

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

NEDMAGA is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile-onset global developmental delay with severe to profound intellectual disability, mildly delayed walking with broad-based and unsteady gait, and absence of meaningful language. Patients have features of autism, with repetitive behaviors and poor communication, but usually are socially reactive and have a happy demeanor. More variable neurologic features include mild seizures, spasticity, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Palmer et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

MICROPHTHALMIA, SYNDROMIC 12; MCOPS12 Is also known as microphthalmia with or without pulmonary hypoplasia, diaphragmatic hernia, and/or cardiac defects

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Familial lambdoid synostosis is a rare, genetic cranial malformation characterized by unilateral or bilateral synostosis of the lambdoid suture in multiple members of a single family. Unilateral cases typically present ipsilateral occipitomastoid bulge, compensatory contralateral parietal and frontal bossing, displacement of one ear, lateral deviation of jaw and compensatory deformation of cervical spine while bilateral cases usually manifest with flat and widened occiput, displacement of both ears and frequent occurrence of raised intracranial pressure.

• Intellectual disability
• Hypertelorism
• Muscular hypotonia
• Spasticity
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Skraban-Deardorff syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development with variable intellectual disability, early-onset seizures, and characteristic dysmorphic facial features comprising coarse facies with a prominent maxilla and upper lip revealing the upper gingiva, widely-spaced teeth, and a broad nasal tip (summary by Skraban et al., 2017).

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-SEIZURES-ABNORMAL GAIT-FACIAL DYSMORPHISM SYNDROME Is also known as intellectual disability with seizures, abnormal gait, and distinctive facial features|skraban-deardorff syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome is characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, limited or no speech, and variable but characteristic facial features, including round face, prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, and low-set ears. Other features may include hypotonia, poor growth, microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and seizures. The phenotype is variable, and not all features are observed in all patients, which may be explained in some cases by incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity (summary by Ballif et al., 2012).Patients with autosomal dominant mental retardation-22 have a phenotype similar to that in patients with chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome (de Munnik et al., 2014).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Hepatoencephalopathy due to combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 1 is a rare, inherited mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, metabolic decompensation with recurrent vomiting, persistent severe lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, seizures, failure to thrive, severe global developmental delay, poor eye contact, severe muscular hypotonia or axial hypotonia with limb hypertonia, hepatomegaly and/or liver dysfunction and/or liver failure, leading to fatal outcome in severe cases. Neuroimaging abnormalities may include corpus callosum thinning, leukodystrophy, delayed myelination and basal ganglia involvement.

HEPATOENCEPHALOPATHY DUE TO COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 1 Is also known as hepatoencephalopathy, early fatal progressive|hepatoencephalopathy due to coxpd1

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

NMIHBA is a severe, autosomal recessive, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy and profound intellectual disability. Affected individuals have microcephaly with accompanying dysmorphic features, truncal hypotonia, peripheral spasticity, and lack of independent ambulation or speech acquisition. Brain imaging shows variable abnormalities, including cortical atrophy, thin corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia, and delayed myelination (summary by Zollo et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN