Cryptorchidism, and Nephrotic syndrome

46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (46,XY PGD) is a disorder of sex development (DSD) associated with anomalies in gonadal development that results in genital ambiguity of variable degree ranging from almost female phenotype to almost male phenotype in a patient carrying a male 46,XY karyotype.

46,XY PARTIAL GONADAL DYSGENESIS Is also known as 46,xy partial testicular dysgenesis|46,xy pgd

• Cryptorchidism
• Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology
• Hypospadias
• Delayed skeletal maturation
• Osteoporosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with multisystem involvement.

BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME Is also known as bbs

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

NPHS14 is an autosomal recessive syndromic form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with multisystemic manifestations. Most affected individuals present in infancy or early childhood with progressive renal dysfunction associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and resulting in end-stage renal disease within a few years. Other infants present with primary adrenal insufficiency. Some patients present in utero with fetal hydrops and fetal demise. Additional features of the disorder can include ichthyosis, acanthosis, adrenal insufficiency, immunodeficiency, and neurologic defects (summary by Prasad et al., 2017 and Lovric et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome and FSGS, see NPHS1 (OMIM ).

FAMILIAL STEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME WITH ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Is also known as primary adrenal insufficiency-steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to sgpl1 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a brain malformation, due to abnormal neuronal migration, in which a subset of neurons fails to migrate into the developing cerebral cortex and remains as nodules that line the ventricular surface. Classical PNH is a rare X-linked dominant disorder far more frequent in females who present normal intelligence to borderline intellectual deficit, epilepsy of variable severity and extra-central nervous system signs, especially cardiovascular defects or coagulopathy. The disorder is generally associated with prenatal lethality in males.

PERIVENTRICULAR NODULAR HETEROTOPIA Is also known as heterotopia, periventricular, ehlers-danlos variant|periventricular nodular heterotopia 4, formerly|heterotopia, familial nodular|heterotopia, periventricular, x-linked dominant|pvnh4, formerly|nhbp|nodular heterotopia, bilateral periventricular|bpnh

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type is a congenital form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome characterized by distinct craniofacial features, multiple contractures, progressive joint and skin laxity, adduction-flexion contractures of the thumbs, talipes equinovarus, bruisability and multisystem fragility-related manifestations.

EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME, MUSCULOCONTRACTURAL TYPE Is also known as mceds|arthrogryposis, distal, with peculiar facies and hydronephrosis|adducted thumb-clubfoot syndrome|ehlers-danlos syndrome, type vib, formerly|atcs|adducted thumb, clubfoot, and progressive joint and skin laxity syndrome|eds6b, formerly|dundar syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that traditionally has been defined by a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, in association with 5 main clinical abnormalities: cholestasis, cardiac disease, skeletal abnormalities, ocular abnormalities, and a characteristic facial phenotype (Li et al., 1997). Cholestasis is a direct consequence of the paucity of bile ducts. About 39% of patients also have renal involvement, mainly renal dysplasia (Kamath et al., 2012).Turnpenny and Ellard (2012) reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and genetics of Alagille syndrome. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alagille SyndromeAnother form of Alagille syndrome (ALGS2 ) is caused by mutation in the NOTCH2 gene (OMIM ).

ALAGILLE SYNDROME 1; ALGS1 Is also known as algs|alagille-watson syndrome|alagille syndrome|hepatic ductular hypoplasia, syndromatic|arteriohepatic dysplasia|aws|cholestasis with peripheral pulmonary stenosis|ahd

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare disorder of sex development (DSD) characterized by the persistence of Müllerian derivatives, the uterus and/or fallopian tubes, in otherwise normally virilized boys.

PERSISTENT MÜLLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME Is also known as pseudohermaphroditism, male internal|female genital ducts in otherwise normal male|pmds|persistent mÜllerian derivatives|persistent oviduct syndrome|hernia uteri inguinale

• Neoplasm
• Cryptorchidism
• Hernia
• Inguinal hernia
• Infertility

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Ochoa syndrome is characterized by the association of severe voiding dysfunction and a characteristic facial expression.

OCHOA SYNDROME Is also known as partial facial palsy with urinary abnormalities|inverted smile-neurogenic bladder syndrome|urofacial syndrome|hydronephrosis-inverted smile syndrome

• Cryptorchidism
• Hypertension
• Renal insufficiency
• Constipation
• Hydronephrosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that causes genomic instability. Characteristic clinical features include developmental abnormalities in major organ systems, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a high predisposition to cancer. The cellular hallmark of FA is hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents and high frequency of chromosomal aberrations pointing to a defect in DNA repair (summary by Deakyne and Mazin, 2011).For additional general information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Fanconi anemia, see {227650}.

• Short stature
• Neoplasm
• Cryptorchidism
• Anemia
• Renal insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN