Cryptorchidism, and Cirrhosis

Medium match PEDIATRIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (pediatric HCC) is a rare, aggressive, malignant hepatic tumor that develops mainly in children over 10 years of age.

PEDIATRIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA Is also known as liver cancer|lcc|childhood-onset hcc|hcc|liver cell carcinoma|hepatoma|cancer, hepatocellular|childhood-onset hepatocellular carcinoma|pediatric hcc

• Microcephaly
• Neoplasm
• Cryptorchidism
• Motor delay
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match AARSKOG-SCOTT SYNDROME; AAS

Aarskog-Scott syndrome, also known as faciogenital dysplasia, is an X-linked disorder characterized by short stature, hypertelorism, shawl scrotum, and brachydactyly, although there is wide phenotypic variability and other features, such as joint hyperextensibility, short nose, widow's peak, and inguinal hernia, may also occur. Most patients do not have mental retardation, but some may have neurobehavioral features. Carrier females may present with subtle features, such as widow's peak or short stature (summary by Orrico et al., 2010).

AARSKOG-SCOTT SYNDROME; AAS Is also known as aarskog syndrome, x-linked|faciodigitogenital syndrome|fgdy|faciogenital dysplasia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match HOYERAAL-HREIDARSSON SYNDROME

Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is a very rare X-linked recessive disorder considered to be a severe variant of dyskeratosis congenita (see this term) characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, progressive combined immune deficiency and aplastic anemia.

HOYERAAL-HREIDARSSON SYNDROME Is also known as progressive pancytopenia-immunodeficiency-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome|zinsser-cole-engman syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match ALAGILLE SYNDROME 1; ALGS1

Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that traditionally has been defined by a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, in association with 5 main clinical abnormalities: cholestasis, cardiac disease, skeletal abnormalities, ocular abnormalities, and a characteristic facial phenotype (Li et al., 1997). Cholestasis is a direct consequence of the paucity of bile ducts. About 39% of patients also have renal involvement, mainly renal dysplasia (Kamath et al., 2012).Turnpenny and Ellard (2012) reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and genetics of Alagille syndrome. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alagille SyndromeAnother form of Alagille syndrome (ALGS2 ) is caused by mutation in the NOTCH2 gene (OMIM ).

ALAGILLE SYNDROME 1; ALGS1 Is also known as algs|alagille-watson syndrome|alagille syndrome|hepatic ductular hypoplasia, syndromatic|arteriohepatic dysplasia|aws|cholestasis with peripheral pulmonary stenosis|ahd

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 2; DKCB2

Dyskeratosis congenita is a multisystem disorder caused by defective telomere maintenance. Clinical manifestations include mucocutaneous abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and an increased predisposition to cancer, among other variable features (summary by Vulliamy et al., 2008).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dyskeratosis congenita, see DKCA1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Thrombocytopenia
• Nail dystrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match HEMOCHROMATOSIS, TYPE 1; HFE1

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism wherein the body accumulates excess iron (summary by Feder et al., 1996). Excess iron is deposited in a variety of organs leading to their failure, and resulting in serious illnesses including cirrhosis, hepatomas, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, arthritis, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Severe effects of the disease usually do not appear until after decades of progressive iron loading. Removal of excess iron by therapeutic phlebotomy decreases morbidity and mortality if instituted early in the course of the disease. Classic hemochromatosis (HFE) is most often caused by mutation in a gene designated HFE on chromosome 6p21.3.Adams and Barton (2007) reviewed the clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of hemochromatosis. Genetic Heterogeneity of HemochromatosisAt least 4 additional iron overload disorders labeled hemochromatosis have been identified on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. Juvenile hemochromatosis, or hemochromatosis type 2 (HFE2), is autosomal recessive and is divided into 2 forms: HFE2A (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the HJV gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q21, and HFE2B (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the HAMP gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 19q13. Hemochromatosis type 3 (HFE3 ), an autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by mutation in the TFR2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 7q22. Hemochromatosis type 4 (HFE4 ), an autosomal dominant disorder, is caused by mutation in the SLC40A1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2q32. Hemochromatosis type 5 (HFE5 ) is caused by mutation in the FTH1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q12.

HEMOCHROMATOSIS, TYPE 1; HFE1 Is also known as hfe|hemochromatosis, hereditary|hemochromatosis|hh

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 59; RP59

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match PORENCEPHALY-MICROCEPHALY-BILATERAL CONGENITAL CATARACT SYNDROME

Porencephaly-microcephaly-bilateral congenital cataract syndrome is a rare, genetic, central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by bilateral congenital cataracts and severe hemorrhagic destruction of the brain parenchyma with associated massive cystic degeneration, enlarged ventricles and subependymal calcification. Patients typically present generalized spasticity, increased deep tendon reflexes and seizures. Hepatomegaly and renal anomalies have also been reported.

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Cataract
• Cryptorchidism
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH ATAXIA

Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA) is characterized by severe early onset (before the age of three years) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with conduction defects (long QT syndrome), non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, testicular dysgenesis, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH ATAXIA Is also known as mga5|dcma|3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5|cardiomyopathy, dilated, with ataxia|mga, type v|dcma syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match AROMATASE DEFICIENCY

Aromatase deficiency disrupts the synthesis of estradiol, resulting in hirsutism of mothers during gestation of an affected child; pseudohermaphroditism and virilization in women; and tall stature, osteoporosis and obesity in men.

AROMATASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as pseudohermaphroditism, female, due to placental aromatase deficiency|congenital estrogen deficiency

• Growth delay
• Pain
• Cryptorchidism
• Obesity
• Delayed skeletal maturation

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN