Cryptorchidism, and Alopecia

Medium match ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 9, HAIR/NAIL TYPE; ECTD9

Some ectodermal dysplasias are here classified as congenital disorders characterized by abnormal development in 2 or more ectodermal structures (hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands) without other systemic findings.Ectodermal dysplasia of the hair/nail type is a rare congenital condition characterized by hypotrichosis and nail dystrophy without nonectodermal or other ectodermal manifestations. Hypotrichosis usually occurs after birth with varying degrees of severity, ranging from mild hair loss to complete atrichia, including the loss of scalp hair, beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary hair, and pubic hair. Nail dystrophy affects all 20 digits by causing short fragile nails or spoon nails (koilonychia) (summary by Lin et al., 2012).

• Cryptorchidism
• Hernia
• Inguinal hernia
• Alopecia
• Nail dystrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match PARIETAL FORAMINA 2; PFM2

Parietal foramina-2 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bilateral parietal foramina in the skull. Some patients with PFM2 may also have mild features of frontonasal dysplasia, including hypertelorism or nose abnormalities (summary by Altunoglu et al., 2014).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of parietal foramina, see PFM1 (OMIM ).

• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cryptorchidism
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Alopecia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match FRONTONASAL DYSPLASIA-ALOPECIA-GENITAL ANOMALIES SYNDROME

Frontonasal dysplasia with alopecia and genital anomaly is a new phenotype of frontonasal dysplasia associated with total alopecia and hypogonadism.

FRONTONASAL DYSPLASIA-ALOPECIA-GENITAL ANOMALIES SYNDROME Is also known as alx4-related fndag|frontonasal dysplasia type 2|frontonasal dysplasia with alopecia and genital abnomality|craniofrontonasal dysplasia with alopecia and hypogonadism

• Hypertelorism
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match BRESEK SYNDROME

X-linked mental retardation, Reish type is characterised by Brain anomalies, severe mental Retardation, Ectodermal dysplasia, Skeletal deformities (vertebral anomalies, scoliosis, polydactyly), Ear/eye anomalies (maldevelopment, small optic nerves, low set and large ears with hearing loss) and Kidney dysplasia/hypoplasia (giving the acronym BRESEK syndrome).

BRESEK SYNDROME Is also known as bresheck syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match BOOMERANG DYSPLASIA

Boomerang dysplasia (BD) is a rare lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, dislocated joints, club feet, distinctive facies and diagnostic x-ray findings of underossified and dysplastic long tubular bones, with a boomerang-like bowing.

• Micrognathia
• Cryptorchidism
• Brachydactyly
• Wide nasal bridge
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match OLIVER-MCFARLANE SYNDROME; OMCS

Oliver-McFarlane syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by trichomegaly, severe chorioretinal atrophy and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, including growth hormone (GH ), gonadotropins (see {118860}), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; see {118850}). Thyroid and GH abnormalities may be present at birth and, if untreated, result in intellectual impairment and profound short stature. Congenital hypogonadism occurs in half of patients, and nearly all have documented hypogonadotropic hypogonadism during puberty, with subsequent reproductive dysfunction. Chorioretinal atrophy is typically noted in the first 5 years of life. Half of reported cases have spinocerebellar involvement, including ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Hufnagel et al., 2015).Laurence-Moon syndrome (OMIM ) is an allelic disorder with overlapping features.

OLIVER-MCFARLANE SYNDROME; OMCS Is also known as eyelashes, long, with mental retardation|trichomegaly with mental retardation, dwarfism, and pigmentary degeneration of retina

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 3; DKCA3

Dyskeratosis congenita is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome classically characterized by the triad of mucosal leukoplakia, nail dysplasia, and abnormal skin pigmentation. Affected individuals have an increased risk of aplastic anemia and malignancy. Less common features include epiphora, premature gray hair, microcephaly, developmental delay, and pulmonary fibrosis, among others. The phenotype is highly variable. All affected individuals have shortened telomeres due to a defect in telomere maintenance (summary by Savage et al., 2008).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dyskeratosis congenita, see DCKA1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match ACROMELIC FRONTONASAL DYSPLASIA

Acromelic frontonasal dysplasia (AFND) is a rare variant of frontonasal dysplasia characterized by distinct craniofacial (large fontanelle, hypertelorism, bifid nasal tip, nasal clefting, brachycephaly, median cleft face, carp-shaped mouth), brain (interhemispheric lipoma, agenesis of the corpus callosum), and limb (tibial hypoplasia/aplasia, club foot, symmetric preaxial polydactyly of the feet and bilateral clubbed and thickened nails of halluces ) malformations as well as intellectual disability. Other manifestations sometimes reported include absent olfactory bulbs, hypopituitarism and cryptorchidism.

ACROMELIC FRONTONASAL DYSPLASIA Is also known as toriello syndrome|acromelic frontonasal dysostosis|afnd

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match RIN2 SYNDROME

RIN2 syndrome, formerly known as macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa and scoliosis (MACS) syndrome, is a very rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by macrocephaly, sparse scalp hair, soft-redundant and hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, and scoliosis. Patients have progressive facial coarsening with downslanted palpebral fissures, upper eyelid fullness/infraorbital folds, thick/everted vermillion, gingival overgrowth and abnormal position of the teeth. Rarer manifestations such as abnormal high-pitched voice, bronchiectasis, hypergonadotropic hypergonadism and brachydactyly (see this term) have also been reported.

RIN2 SYNDROME Is also known as rin2 deficiency|tall forehead, sparse hair, skin hyperextensibility, and scoliosis|tall forehead-sparse hair-skin hyperextensibility-scoliosis syndrome|macrocephaly-alopecia-cutis laxa-scoliosis syndrome|macs syndrome|macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa, a

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Muscular hypotonia
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Medium match KID SYNDROME

Keratitis (and hystrix-like) ichthyosis deafness (KID/HID) syndrome is a rare congenital ectodermal disorder characterized by vascularizing keratitis, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and hearing loss.

KID SYNDROME Is also known as ichthyosis hystrix rheydt type|keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness/hystrix-like ichthyosis-deafness syndrome|senter syndrome|kid/hid syndrome|kid syndrome, autosomal dominant

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Neoplasm
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN