Cognitive impairment, and Prominent forehead

Medium match SKELETAL OVERGROWTH-CRANIOFACIAL DYSMORPHISM-HYPERELASTIC SKIN-WHITE MATTER LESIONS SYNDROME

Kosaki overgrowth syndrome is characterized by a facial gestalt involving prominent forehead, proptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge, thin upper lip, and pointed chin. Affected individuals are tall, with an elongated lower segment, hands, and feet. Skin is hyperelastic and fragile, and there is progressive neurologic deterioration with white matter lesions on brain imaging (Takenouchi et al., 2015).

SKELETAL OVERGROWTH-CRANIOFACIAL DYSMORPHISM-HYPERELASTIC SKIN-WHITE MATTER LESIONS SYNDROME Is also known as skeletal overgrowth with facial dysmorphism, hyperelastic skin, white matter lesions, and neurologic deterioration|kosaki overgrowth syndrome

• Scoliosis
• Neoplasm
• Ptosis
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Wide nasal bridge

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match HYDROCEPHALUS, CONGENITAL, 1; HYC1

Congenital hydrocephalus-1 is characterized by onset in utero of enlarged ventricles due to a disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid accumulation. Affected individuals may have neurologic impairment (summary by Drielsma et al., 2012).Hydrocephalus can also be caused by Arnold-Chiari malformation, atresia of foramen of Magendie, stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius (OMIM ), toxoplasmosis, hydranencephaly, etc. Furthermore, it develops in infancy or childhood in achondroplasia (OMIM ) and in Hurler disease (OMIM ). Genetic Heterogeneity of Congenital HydrocephalusSee also HYC2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MPDZ gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9p23, and HYC3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the WDR81 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17p13.An X-linked form of congenital hydrocephalus (HSAS, HYCX; {307000}) is caused by mutation in the L1CAM gene on (OMIM ) on chromosome Xq28.

HYDROCEPHALUS, CONGENITAL, 1; HYC1 Is also known as hydrocephaly|hydrocephalus, nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive 1, formerly|ventriculomegaly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Neoplasm
• Macrocephaly
• Ventriculomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-STRABISMUS SYNDROME

Intellectual disability-strabismus syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability and esotropia. Other associated features may include growth failure (underweight, failure to thrive, short stature), microcephaly, tone abnormalities (hypotonia, spasticity), epilepsy, behavioral problems (hyperactivity, aggressiveness), and/or abnormal brain morphology, including arachnoid cyst, cerebral atrophy, mild ventriculomegaly, abnormal CNS myelination or corpus callosum agenesis.

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match NOONAN SYNDROME 7; NS7

Noonan syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by reduced postnatal growth, dysmorphic facial features, cardiac defects, and variable cognitive defects (summary by Sarkozy et al., 2009).

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL BIOSYNTHESIS DEFECT 15; GPIBD15

GPIBD15 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, variable intellectual disability, hypotonia, early-onset seizures in most patients, and cerebellar atrophy, resulting in cerebellar signs including gait ataxia and dysarthria. The disorder is caused by a defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis (summary by Nguyen et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (OMIM ).

GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL BIOSYNTHESIS DEFECT 15; GPIBD15 Is also known as developmental delay, epilepsy, cerebellar atrophy, and osteopenia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match CRANIOFACIAL DYSPLASIA-SHORT STATURE-ECTODERMAL ANOMALIES-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME

CRANIOFACIAL DYSPLASIA-SHORT STATURE-ECTODERMAL ANOMALIES-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME Is also known as developmental delay-short stature-dysmorphic features-sparse hair syndrome|loucks-innes syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA SYNDROME

X-linked intellectual deficit-cerebellar hypoplasia, also known as OPHN1 syndrome, is a rare syndromic form of cerebellar dysgenesis characterized by moderate to severe intellectual deficit and cerebellar abnormalities.

X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA SYNDROME Is also known as oligophrenin-1 syndrome|ophn1 syndrome|mental retardation, x-linked 60, formerly|mrx60, formerly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Medium match MACROCEPHALY, DYSMORPHIC FACIES, AND PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION; MDFPMR

Macrocephaly, dysmorphic facies, and psychomotor retardation (MDFPMR) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by large head and somatic overgrowth apparent at birth followed by global developmental delay. Affected individuals have characteristic dysmorphic facial features and persistently large head, but increased birth weight normalizes with age. Additional neurologic features, including seizures, hypotonia, and gait ataxia, may also occur. Patients show severe intellectual impairment (summary by Ortega-Recalde et al., 2015).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-DANDY-WALKER MALFORMATION-BASAL GANGLIA DISEASE-SEIZURES SYNDROME

X-linked Dandy-Walker malformation with intellectual disability, basal ganglia disease and seizures (XDIBS), or Pettigrew syndrome is a central nervous system malformation characterized by severe intellectual deficit, early hypotonia with progression to spasticity and contractures, choreoathetosis, seizures, dysmorphic face (long face with prominent forehead), and brain imaging abnormalities such as Dandy-Walker malformation (see this term), and iron deposition.

X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-DANDY-WALKER MALFORMATION-BASAL GANGLIA DISEASE-SEIZURES SYNDROME Is also known as mental retardation, x-linked, with dandy-walker malformation, basal ganglia disease, and seizures|mrxs21|mrx59|mental retardation, x-linked 59|mrxs5|mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic, fried type|mrxsf|mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic 21|menta

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match CDKL5-RELATED EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-2 is an X-linked dominant severe neurologic disorder characterized by onset of seizures in the first months of life and severe global developmental delay resulting in mental retardation and poor motor control. Other features include lack of speech development, subtle dysmorphic facial features, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal problems, and stereotypic hand movements. There is some phenotypic overlap with Rett syndrome (OMIM ), but EIEE2 is considered to be a distinct entity (summary by Fehr et al., 2013).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EIEE, see EIEE1 (OMIM ).

CDKL5-RELATED EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY Is also known as issx2|cdkl5 deficiency disorder|infantile spasm syndrome, x-linked 2

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN