Cleft palate, and Atrial septal defect

Intellectual disability-feeding difficulties-developmental delay-microcephaly syndrome is a rare, genetic, syndromic intellectual disability disorder characterized by borderline to severe intellectual disability, global development delay, feeding difficulties, microcephaly, short stature and mild facial dysmorphism, including thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, prominent incisors and/or thin upper lip. Other associated features may include hypermetropia with or without esotropia, behavioral anomallies (e.g. autistic behavior, sleeping disturbances), urogenital abnormalities (e.g. crytorchidism, inguinal hernia), single palmar crease, fifth-finger clinodactyly and cardiac defects (e.g. ASD, PDA).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Hamel cerebro-palato-cardiac syndrome is an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome (XLMR; see this term) characterized by intellectual deficiency, microcephaly and short stature. It belongs to the group of disorders collectively referred to as Renpenning syndrome (see this term).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Meckel syndrome is an autosomal recessive pre- or perinatal lethal disorder characterized by a combination of renal cysts and variably associated features including developmental anomalies of the central nervous system (typically occipital encephalocele), hepatic ductal dysplasia and cysts, and postaxial polydactyly (summary by Baala et al., 2007).For a more complete phenotypic description and information on genetic heterogeneity of Meckel syndrome, see MKS1 (OMIM ).

MECKEL SYNDROME, TYPE 4; MKS4 Is also known as meckel-gruber syndrome, type 4

• Microcephaly
• Cleft palate
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Ventricular septal defect
• Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

X-linked intellectual disability, Siderius type is characterised by mild to borderline intellectual deficit associated with cleft lip/palate. Preaxial polydactyly, large hands and cryptorchidism are sometimes present. The syndrome has been described in seven boys from two families. Transmission is X-linked and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the PHF8 gene, localised to the p11.21 region of the X chromosome.

X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, SIDERIUS TYPE Is also known as siderius-hamel syndrome|mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic, siderius type

• Intellectual disability
• Scoliosis
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Delayed speech and language development

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome-3 is an autosomal recessive disorder usually characterized by severe mental retardation, hypotonia with very poor motor development, poor speech, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase (summary by Hansen et al., 2013). However, the severity of the disorder can also vary to include milder intellectual disability (Krawitz et al., 2013). The disorder is caused by a defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis.For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of HPMRS, see HPMRS1 (OMIM ).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (OMIM ).

HYPERPHOSPHATASIA WITH MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME 3; HPMRS3 Is also known as mental retardation, autosomal recessive 17|mrt21|glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 8|gpibd8|mrt17|mental retardation, autosomal recessive 21

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

VCRL1 is an autosomal recessive congenital malformation syndrome characterized by vertebral segmentation abnormalities, congenital cardiac defects, renal defects, and distal mild limb defects. Additional features are variable (summary by Shi et al., 2017). Genetic Heterogeneity of vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndromeSee also VCRL2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KYNU gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2q22.

VERTEBRAL, CARDIAC, RENAL, AND LIMB DEFECTS SYNDROME 1; VCRL1 Is also known as 3-hydroxyanthranilic acidemia|congenital nad deficiency disorder 1

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Agnathia-otocephaly is a rare condition characterized by mandibular hypoplasia or agnathia, ventromedial auricular malposition (melotia) and/or auricular fusion (synotia), and microstomia with oroglossal hypoplasia or aglossia. Holoprosencephaly is the most commonly identified association, but skeletal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular anomalies, and situs inversus have been reported. The disorder is almost always lethal (review by Faye-Petersen et al., 2006).

SECOND BRANCHIAL CLEFT ANOMALY Is also known as dysgnathia complex agnathia-holoprosencephaly|otocephaly|second branchial cleft cyst|holoprosencephaly-agnathia|second branchial cleft fistula

• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome is a very rare, genetic developmental disorder presenting in the neonatal period characterized by genitourinary malformations, polydactyly, and more rarely, congenital heart disease or gastrointestinal malformations.

MCKUSICK-KAUFMAN SYNDROME Is also known as kaufman-mckusick syndrome|hydrometrocolpos-postaxial polydactyly syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

EARLY-ONSET MYOPATHY WITH FATAL CARDIOMYOPATHY Is also known as myopathy, early-onset, with fatal cardiomyopathy|salih myopathy|eomfc

• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Muscle weakness
• Ptosis

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type is a rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia disorder, and lethal form of neonatal short-limbed dwarfism, characterized by anisospondyly, severe short stature and limb shortening, metaphyseal flaring and distinct dysmorphic features (i.e. flat facial appearance, abnormal ears, short neck, narrow thorax). Additional features may include other skeletal findings (e.g. joint contractures, bowed limbs, talipes equinovarus) and urogenital and cardiovascular abnormalities.

DYSSEGMENTAL DYSPLASIA, SILVERMAN-HANDMAKER TYPE Is also known as dyssegmental dwarfism, silverman-handmaker type|anisospondylic camptomicromelic dwarfism, silverman-handmaker type

• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Wide nasal bridge
• Talipes equinovarus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN