Cleft palate, and Ascites

Hereditary primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by Gordon et al., 2013 and Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hereditary Primary LymphedemaPrimary lymphedema is genetically heterogeneous: see also LMPH1B (OMIM ), which maps to chromosome 6q16.2-q22.1; LMPH1C (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the GJC2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q42; and LMPH1D (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the VEGFC gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4q34. Hereditary lymphedema III (LMPH3 ) is caused by mutaiton in the PIEZO1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16q24.Also see hereditary lymphedema type II (OMIM ), also known as Meige lymphedema.Lymphedema can also be a feature of syndromic disorders such as lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (OMIM ), which is caused by mutation in the FOXC2 gene (OMIM ).

LYMPHEDEMA, HEREDITARY, IA; LMPH1A Is also known as primary congenital lymphedema|pcl|nonne-milroy lymphedema|lymphedema, early-onset|milroy disease

• Scoliosis
• Strabismus
• Cleft palate
• Ptosis
• Ventricular septal defect

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 7 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD7 Is also known as short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type v|srps5

• Cleft palate
• High palate
• Epicanthus
• Brachydactyly
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Complex lethal osteochondrodysplasia of the Symoens-Barnes-Gistelinck type is characterized by severe skeletal osteopenia, microcephaly, multiple fractures, and congenital anomalies including ascites, pleural effusion, and intracranial ventriculomegaly (Symoens et al., 2015).

COMPLEX LETHAL OSTEOCHONDRODYSPLASIA Is also known as complex lethal osteochondrodysplasia, symoens-barnes-gistelinck type

• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Osteocraniostenosis is a lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull anomaly, facial dysmorphism, limb shortness, splenic hypo/aplasia and radiological anomalies including thin tubular bones with flared metaphyses and deficient calvarial mineralization.

OSTEOCRANIOSTENOSIS Is also known as habrodysplasia|osteocraniostenosis|gracile bone dysplasia|skeletal dysplasia, lethal, with gracile bones|osteocraniosplenic syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), Beemer-Langer type is an extremely rare type of SRPS developing prenatally or immediately after birth and characterized by short and narrow thorax with horizontally oriented ribs. Other bone features include small iliac bones, short tubular bones, bowing of long bones and rarely pre- and post-axial polydactyly. Brain defects are common and some cases of cleft lip, absent internal genitalia and renal, biliary and pancreatic cysts have been reported. The course is rapidly fatal.

SHORT RIB-POLYDACTYLY SYNDROME, BEEMER-LANGER TYPE Is also known as short rib syndrome, beemer type|srps iv|short rib-polydactyly syndrome type 4|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type iv|beemer-langer syndrome|srps4

• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate
• Low-set ears
• Epicanthus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Perlman syndrome is characterized principally by polyhydramnios, neonatal macrosomia, bilateral renal tumours (hamartomas with or without nephroblastomatosis), hypertrophy of the islets of Langerhans and facial dysmorphism.

PERLMAN SYNDROME Is also known as nephroblastomatosis, fetal ascites, macrosomia, and wilms tumor|nephroblastomatosis-fetal ascites-macrosomia-wilms tumor syndrome|renal hamartomas, nephroblastomatosis, and fetal gigantism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital hypopituitarism is characterized by multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, including somatotroph, thyrotroph, lactotroph, corticotroph or gonadotroph deficiencies, due to mutations of pituitary transcription factors involved in pituitary ontogenesis. Congenital hypopituitarism is rare compared with the high incidence of hypopituitarism induced by pituitary adenomas, transsphenoidal surgery or radiotherapy.

COMBINED PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCIES, GENETIC FORMS Is also known as multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms|familial congenital hypopituitarism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly characterized by multiple mosaic aneuploidies that leads to a variety of phenotypic abnormalities and cancer predisposition.

MOSAIC VARIEGATED ANEUPLOIDY SYNDROME Is also known as warburton-anyane-yeboa syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Adams-Oliver Syndrome (AOS) is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of congenital limb abnormalities and scalp defects, often accompanied by skull ossification defects.

ADAMS-OLIVER SYNDROME Is also known as aplasia cutis congenita with terminal transverse limb defects|congenital scalp defects with distal limb reduction anomalies|congenital scalp defects with distal limb anomalies|aos|absence defect of limbs, scalp, and skull|limb, scalp and skull defects

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a congenital localized or generalized vascular anomaly characterized by a persistent cutis marmorata pattern with a marbled bluish to deep purple appearance, spider nevus-like telangiectasia, phlebectasia and, occasionally, ulceration and atrophy of the affected skin.

CUTIS MARMORATA TELANGIECTATICA CONGENITA Is also known as megalencephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|cmtc|mcmtc|megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome|macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|mcm|macrocephaly-capillary malformation

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN