Cataract, and Tachycardia

CATARACT 36; CTRCT36 Is also known as cataract, autosomal recessive congenital 4|catc4

• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hereditary hyperferritinemia with congenital cataracts is characterized by the association of early onset (although generally absent at birth) cataract with persistently raised plasma ferritin concentrations in the absence of iron overload.

HEREDITARY HYPERFERRITINEMIA-CATARACT SYNDROME Is also known as hereditary hyperferritinemia with congenital cataracts|bonneau-beaumont syndrome|hhcs

• Cataract
• Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Cataract
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congestive heart failure
• Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase
• Dilated cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG ), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008).A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see {138070}).

HYPERGLYCINURIA Is also known as glycinuria with or without oxalate nephrolithiasis|glycinuria with or without oxalate urolithiasis|iminoglycinuria type ii

• Seizures
• Cataract
• Hypertension
• Microphthalmia
• Tachycardia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a multifactorial disorder with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The disorder may occur as part of a heritable syndrome or in isolation (summary by Kuivaniemi et al., 2003). Genetic Heterogeneity of Abdominal Aortic AneurysmMapped loci for abdominal aortic aneurysm include AAA1 on chromosome 19q13; AAA2 (OMIM ) on chromosome 4q31; AAA3 (OMIM ) on chromosome 9p21; and AAA4 (OMIM ) on chromosome 12q13.

FAMILIAL ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM Is also known as aneurysm, abdominal aortic|aaa|abdominal aortic aneurysm

• Pain
• Cataract
• Hypertension
• Vomiting
• Dilatation

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumors that usually arise within the adrenal medulla. Approximately 10% arise in extraadrenal sympathetic ganglia, and are referred to as 'paragangliomas.' Approximately 10% are malignant, and approximately 10% are hereditary (Maher and Eng, 2002; Dluhy, 2002).Bolande (1974) introduced the concept and designation of the neurocristopathies, and identified 'simple,' including pheochromocytoma and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and 'complex' neurocristopathies and neurocristopathic syndromes, including NF1 and MEN2.Knudson and Strong (1972) applied Knudson's 2-mutation theory to pheochromocytoma (see discussion in {180200}) and concluded that it fits.Maher and Eng (2002) reviewed the clinical entities and genes associated with pheochromocytoma.

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA Is also known as pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Tremor
• Fatigue
• Congestive heart failure

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) is a noncommittal term that refers to a group of morphologically homogeneous, but genetically heterogeneous chronic neuromuscular disorders. The morphologic changes in skeletal muscle in MFM result from disintegration of the sarcomeric Z disc and the myofibrils, followed by abnormal ectopic accumulation of multiple proteins involved in the structure of the Z disc, including desmin, alpha-B-crystallin (CRYAB ), dystrophin (OMIM ), and myotilin (TTID ). Genetic Heterogeneity of Myofibrillar MyopathyOther forms of MFM include MFM2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CRYAB gene (OMIM ); MFM3 (OMIM ) (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the MYOT gene (OMIM ); MFM4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ZASP gene (LDB3 ); MFM5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the FLNC gene (OMIM ); MFM6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the BAG3 gene (OMIM ); MFM7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KY gene (OMIM ); and MFM8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PYROXD1 gene (OMIM ).'Desmin-related myopathy' is another term referring to MFM in which there are intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin, usually in addition to other sarcomeric proteins. Rigid spine syndrome (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SEPN1 gene (OMIM ), is another desmin-related myopathy. Goebel (1995) provided a review of desmin-related myopathy.

MYOPATHY, MYOFIBRILLAR, 1; MFM1 Is also known as drm|cardiomyopathy, dilated, with conduction defect and muscular dystrophy|cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1f and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1d, formerly|myopathy, myofibrillar, desmin-related|lgmd2r, formerly|desminopathy, primary|arvd7, formerly|cmd1f

• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Cataract
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a multisystem disorder and the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults. Individuals with DM2 have muscle pain and stiffness, progressive muscle weakness, myotonia, male hypogonadism, cardiac arrhythmias, diabetes, and early cataracts. Other features may include cognitive dysfunction, hypersomnia, tremor, and hearing loss (summary by Heatwole et al., 2011).See also myotonic dystrophy-1 (DM1 ), caused by an expanded CTG repeat in the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene (DMPK ) on 19q13.Although originally reported as 2 disorders, myotonic dystrophy-2 and proximal myotonic myopathy are now referred to collectively as DM2 (Udd et al., 2003).

MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY 2; DM2 Is also known as promm|proximal myotonic myopathy|dystrophia myotonica 2|myotonic myopathy, proximal|ricker syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Cataract

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized mainly by myotonia, muscular dystrophy, cataracts, hypogonadism, frontal balding, and ECG changes. The genetic defect in DM1 results from an amplified trinucleotide repeat in the 3-prime untranslated region of a protein kinase gene. Disease severity varies with the number of repeats: normal individuals have 5 to 37 repeats, mildly affected persons have 50 to 150 repeats, patients with classic DM have 100 to 1,000 repeats, and those with congenital onset can have more than 2,000 repeats. The disorder shows genetic anticipation, with expansion of the repeat number dependent on the sex of the transmitting parent. Alleles of 40 to 80 repeats are usually expanded when transmitted by males, whereas only alleles longer than 80 repeats tend to expand in maternal transmissions. Repeat contraction events occur 4.2 to 6.4% of the time (Musova et al., 2009). Genetic Heterogeneity of Myotonic DystrophySee also myotonic dystrophy-2 (DM2 ), which is caused by mutation in the ZNF9 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 3q21.

MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY 1; DM1 Is also known as dystrophia myotonica 1|dystrophia myotonica|steinert disease|dm

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

COL4A1-related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy is a rare, genetic, neurological disease characterized by the presence of fragile small-vessel intracerebral vasculature in various members of a single family, manifesting, clinically, with single or recurrent hemorrhagic and/or ischemic stroke and, frequently, ocular and renal involvement. Neuroimaging reveals diffuse, periventricular leukoencephalopathy associated with dilated perivascular spaces, lacunar infarction and microhemorrhages.

COL4A1-RELATED FAMILIAL VASCULAR LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY Is also known as col4a1-related brain small vessel disease with hemorrhage|leukoencephalopathy with axenfeld-rieger anomaly|brain small vessel disease with axenfeld-rieger anomaly|brain small vessel disease with hemorrhage|infantile hemiparesis|retinal arteriolar tortuosi

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN