Cataract, and Neutropenia

Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type B is a rare hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterized by intermediate motor median nerve conduction velocities (usually between 25 and 45 m/s) and signs of both demyelination and axonal degeneration in nerve biopsies. It presents with mild to moderately severe, slowly progressive usual clinical features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (muscle weakness and atrophy of the distal extremities, distal sensory loss, reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes, and feet deformities). Other findings include asymptomatic neutropenia and early-onset cataracts.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT INTERMEDIATE CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE TYPE B Is also known as cmtdib|cmtdi1|charcot-marie-tooth neuropathy, dominant intermediate b|di-cmtb

• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Cataract
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Gait disturbance

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital cataract-hearing loss-severe developmental delay syndrome is a rare, genetic, lethal, neurometabolic disease characterized by congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, severe psychomotor developmental delay, severe, generalized muscular hypotonia, and central nervous system abnormalities (incl. cerebellar and cerebral hypoplasia, hypomyelination, wide subarachnoid spaces), in the presence of low serum copper and ceruloplasmin. Nystagmus and seizures have also been reported.

CONGENITAL CATARACT-HEARING LOSS-SEVERE DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY SYNDROME Is also known as congenital cataract-deafness-severe developmental delay syndrome|lethal neurodegenerative disorder due to copper transport defect

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

BMFS4 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset anemia, leukopenia, and decreased B cells, resulting in the necessity for red cell transfusion and sometimes causing an increased susceptibility to infection. Some patients may have thrombocytopenia or variable additional nonhematologic features, such as facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and mild developmental delay. Bone marrow transplantation is curative (summary by Bahrami et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of BMFS, see BMFS1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome-5 (HPS5) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and lack of platelet dense bodies. HPS5 appears to be a milder form of the syndrome because the complications present in other forms of HPS, such as pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and neutropenia, have not been reported in HPS5 patients (Ringeisen et al., 2013).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, see HPS1 (OMIM ).

• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm
• Strabismus
• Cataract
• Thrombocytopenia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

MGCA8 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting in death in infancy. Features include hypotonia, abnormal movements, respiratory insufficiency with apneic episodes, and lack of developmental progress, often with seizures. Brain imaging is variable, but may show progressive cerebral atrophy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggesting a mitochondrial defect (summary by Mandel et al., 2016).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome type 2 is a subform of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS; see this term) presenting with a characteristic facial rash (poikiloderma) and frequently associated with short stature, sparse scalp hair, sparse or absent eyelashes and/or eyebrows, congenital bone defects and an increased risk of osteosarcoma in childhood and squamous cell carcinoma later in life.

ROTHMUND-THOMSON SYNDROME TYPE 2 Is also known as poikiloderma of rothmund-thomson type 2|rts2

• Growth delay
• Cataract
• Anemia
• Frontal bossing
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Poikiloderma with neutropenia is a rare, genetic hereditary poikiloderma disorder characterized by early-onset poikiloderma (which typically begins in the extremities, progresses centripetally and eventually involves the trunk, face and ears) associated with chronic neutropenia, recurrent infections, pachyonychia and palmoplantar keratoderma. Growth and/or develomental delay and hepato- and/or splenomegaly are additional reported features.

POIKILODERMA WITH NEUTROPENIA Is also known as poikiloderma with neutropenia, clericuzio type|poikiloderma with neutropenia, clericuzio-type

• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cataract
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

3-Methylglutaconic aciduria with cataracts, neurologic involvement, and neutropenia (MEGCANN) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized primarily by increased levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) associated with neurologic deterioration and neutropenia. The phenotype is highly variable: most patients have infantile onset of a progressive encephalopathy with various movement abnormalities and delayed psychomotor development, although rare patients with normal neurologic development have been reported. Other common, but variable, features include cataracts, seizures, and recurrent infections (summary by Wortmann et al., 2015 and Saunders et al., 2015).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA1 (OMIM ).

3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA TYPE 7 Is also known as 3-methylglutaconic aciduria-cataract-neurologic involvement-neutropenia syndrome|mga7|mgca7|3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type vii

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Kenny-Caffey syndrome is characterized by severe proportionate short stature, cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of the tubular bones, delayed closure of the anterior fontanel, eye abnormalities, and transient hypocalcemia. Patients with autosomal dominant KCS type 2 have normal intelligence (Kenny and Linarelli, 1966; Caffey, 1967; summary by Isojima et al., 2014).See KCS1 (OMIM ) for a discussion of an autosomal recessive form of Kenny-Caffey syndrome.

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT KENNY-CAFFEY SYNDROME Is also known as kenny syndrome|dwarfism, cortical thickening of tubular bones, and transient hypocalcemia

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) type I is an inborn error of leucine metabolism with a variable clinical phenotype ranging from mildly delayed speech to psychomotor retardation, coma, failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis and dystonia.

3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA TYPE 1 Is also known as 3-methylglutaconyl-coa hydratase deficiency|3mg-coa hydratase deficiency|mga1|3-mg-coa-hydratase deficiency|mga, type i

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN