Cataract, and Nephrolithiasis

The imino acids, proline and hydroxyproline, share a renal tubular reabsorptive mechanism with glycine. Iminoglycinuria (IG ), a benign inborn error of amino acid transport, is also a normal finding in neonates and infants under 6 months of age (Chesney, 2001). Early studies of families with iminoglycinuria suggested genetic complexity, with homozygotes developing IG and heterozygotes manifesting only hyperglycinuria (HG) (summary by Broer et al., 2008).A phenotype of combined glucosuria and glycinuria has been described (see {138070}).

HYPERGLYCINURIA Is also known as glycinuria with or without oxalate nephrolithiasis|glycinuria with or without oxalate urolithiasis|iminoglycinuria type ii

• Seizures
• Cataract
• Hypertension
• Microphthalmia
• Tachycardia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Cataract
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low molecular weight proteinuria with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is a form of X-linked hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis, a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular reabsorptive failure, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. These disorders have also been referred to as the 'Dent disease complex' (Scheinman, 1998; Gambaro et al., 2004). For a general discussion of Dent disease, see {300009}.

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Renal coloboma syndrome (RCS) is a genetic condition characterized by optic nerve dysplasia and renal hypodysplasia.

RENAL COLOBOMA SYNDROME Is also known as renal-coloboma syndrome|congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract with or without ocular abnormalities|optic coloboma, vesicoureteral reflux, and renal anomalies|papillo-renal syndrome|coloboma of optic nerve with renal disease|renal-coloboma s

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Cushing disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS; see this term) and is due to pituitary chronic over-secretion of ACTH by a pituitary corticotroph adenoma.

CUSHING DISEASE Is also known as corticotroph pituitary adenoma|pituitary-dependent cushing syndrome|pituitary corticotroph micro-adenoma

• Failure to thrive
• Cataract
• Visual impairment
• Hypertension
• Fatigue

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is an endogenous form of adrenal Cushing syndrome characterized by multiple bilateral adrenocortical nodules that cause a striking enlargement of the adrenal glands. Although some familial cases have been reported, the vast majority of AIMAH cases are sporadic. Patients typically present in the fifth and sixth decades of life, approximately 10 years later than most patients with other causes of Cushing syndrome (Swain et al., 1998; Christopoulos et al., 2005).Approximately 10 to 15% of adrenal Cushing syndrome is due to primary bilateral ACTH-independent adrenocortical pathology. The 2 main subtypes are AIMAH and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD, see {610489}), which is often a component of the Carney complex (OMIM ) and associated with mutations in the PRKAR1A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q23-q24. AIMAH is rare, representing less than 1% of endogenous causes of Cushing syndrome (Swain et al., 1998; Christopoulos et al., 2005).See also ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (OMIM ) due to somatic mutation in the PRKACA gene (OMIM ).Cushing 'disease' (OMIM ) is an ACTH-dependent disorder caused in most cases by pituitary adenomas that secrete excessive ACTH. Genetic Heterogeneity of ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenal HyperplasiaAIMAH2 (OMIM ) is caused by germline mutation of 1 allele of the ARMC5 gene (OMIM ) coupled with a somatic mutation in the other allele.

ACTH-INDEPENDENT MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; AIMAH1 Is also known as acth-independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia|cushing syndrome, adrenal, due to aimah|corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia|adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia

• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Cataract
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

CATARACT 36; CTRCT36 Is also known as cataract, autosomal recessive congenital 4|catc4

• Cataract

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hereditary hyperferritinemia with congenital cataracts is characterized by the association of early onset (although generally absent at birth) cataract with persistently raised plasma ferritin concentrations in the absence of iron overload.

HEREDITARY HYPERFERRITINEMIA-CATARACT SYNDROME Is also known as hereditary hyperferritinemia with congenital cataracts|bonneau-beaumont syndrome|hhcs

• Cataract
• Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an anomaly of bile acid synthesis (see this term) characterized by neonatal cholestasis, childhood-onset cataract, adolescent to young adult-onset tendon xanthomata, and brain xanthomata with adult-onset neurologic dysfunction.

CEREBROTENDINOUS XANTHOMATOSIS Is also known as cerebral cholesterinosis|sterol 27-hydroxylase deficiency|ctx

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Muscle weakness

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; see {188540}), a hallmark of congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism, causes increased levels of plasma TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone. Only a subset of patients develop frank hypothyroidism; the remainder are euthyroid and asymptomatic (so-called compensated hypothyroidism) and are usually detected by neonatal screening programs (Paschke and Ludgate, 1997). Genetic Heterogeneity of Congenital Nongoitrous HypothyroidismCHNG2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PAX8 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2q12-q14; CHNG3 (OMIM ) maps to a locus on chromosome 15q25.3; CHNG4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the TSHB gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1p13; CHNG5 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the NKX2-5 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5q34; and CHNG6 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the THRA gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q21.1.

HYPOTHYROIDISM, CONGENITAL, NONGOITROUS, 1; CHNG1 Is also known as tsh resistance|hypothyroidism, congenital, due to tsh resistance|hypothyroidism, nonautoimmune|rtsh|thyrotropin resistance|hypothyroidism due to unresponsiveness to thyrotropin|thyroid-stimulating hormone, resistance to

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN