Cardiomyopathy, and Wide mouth

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Lethal left ventricular non-compaction-seizures-hypotonia-cataract-developmental delay syndrome is rare, genetic, neurometabolic disease characterized by global developmental delay, severe hypotonia, seizures, cataracts, cardiomyopathy (including left or bi-ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy) and left ventricular non-compaction, typically resulting in infantile or early-childhood death. Patients usually present metabolic lactic acidosis, failure to thrive, head lag, respiratory problems and decrease in respiratory chain complex activity. Highly variable cerebral abnormalities have been reported and include microcephaly, prominent extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces, diffuse neuronal loss and cortical/white matter gliosis.

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) is a complex developmental disorder involving characteristic craniofacial features, cardiac anomalies, hair and skin abnormalities, postnatal growth deficiency, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Distinctive features of CFC3 include macrostomia and horizontal shape of palpebral fissures (Schulz et al., 2008).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase I superactivity is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism in which increased enzyme activity is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Some affected individuals have neurodevelopmental abnormalities, particularly sensorineural deafness (Becker et al., 1988; Roessler et al., 1993).Although different kinetic defects affecting the PRPS1 enzyme have been identified in this disorder, the common pathway involves increased synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP), which leads to increased uric acid and purine production (Becker, 2001).

PHOSPHORIBOSYLPYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE SUPERACTIVITY Is also known as prps1 superactivity

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Lethal polymalformative syndrome, Boissel type is a rare, genetic, lethal, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by failure to thrive, severe developmental delay, severe postanatal microcephaly, frequent congenital cardiac defects and characteristic facial dysmorphysm (including coarse face with anteverted nostrils, thin vermillion, prominent alveolar ridge and retro- or micrognatia). Additional common features include neurologic abnormalities (hyper-/hypotonia, sensorineural deafness, hydrocephalus, cerebral atrophy, seizures), as well as brachydactyly, cutis marmorata and genital anomalies.

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

The mucopolysaccharidoses are a family of lysosomal storage diseases caused by deficiencies of enzymes required for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. The defects result in accumulation of excessive intralysosomal glycosoaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) in various tissues, causing distended lysosomes to accumulate in the cell and interfere with cell function. Multiple types have been described (Mok et al., 2003).

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS, TYPE IIID; MPS3D Is also known as sanfilippo syndrome d|mps iiid|n-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

A distinct group of inborn defects of complex V (ATP synthase) is represented by the enzyme deficiency due to nuclear genome mutations characterized by a selective inhibition of ATP synthase biogenesis. Biochemically, the patients show a generalized decrease in the content of ATP synthase complex which is less than 30% of normal. Most cases present with neonatal-onset hypotonia, lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Many patients die within a few months or years (summary by Mayr et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Complex V DeficiencyOther nuclear types of mitochondrial complex V deficiency include MC5DN2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM70 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q21; MC5DN3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5E gene (ATP5F1E ) on chromosome 20q13; MC5DN4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5A1 gene (ATP5FA1 ) on chromosome 18q; and MC5DN5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5D gene (ATP5F1D ) on chromosome 19p13.Mutations in the mitochondrial-encoded MTATP6 (OMIM ) and MTATP8 (OMIM ) genes can also cause mitochondrial complex V deficiency (see, e.g., {551500} and {500003}).

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V (ATP SYNTHASE) DEFICIENCY, NUCLEAR TYPE 1; MC5DN1 Is also known as mitochondrial complex v (atp synthase) deficiency, atpaf2 type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome associated with variable developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, seizures and autistic spectrum disorder.

16Q24.3 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as monosomy 16q24.3|del(16)(q24.3)

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to TMEM70 mutation is characterized by early neonatal onset of hypotonia, hypetrophic cardiomyopathy and apneic spells within hours after birth accompanied by lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.

TMEM70-RELATED MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALO-CARDIO-MYOPATHY Is also known as encephalocardiomyopathy, mitochondrial, neonatal, due to atp synthase deficiency|mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to f1fo atpase deficiency|mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex v defici

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Cantu syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, cardiomegaly, and dysmorphism.

HYPERTRICHOTIC OSTEOCHONDRODYSPLASIA, CANTU TYPE Is also known as hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Strabismus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN