Cardiomyopathy, and Febrile seizures

Malonic aciduria is a metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD).

MALONIC ACIDURIA Is also known as malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Maternally inherited cardiomyopathy and hearing loss is a mitochondrial disease described in two unrelated families to date that has a heterogeneous clinical presentation characterized by the association of progressive sensorineural hearing loss with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and, in the majority of cases, encephalomyopathy symptoms such as ataxia, slurred speech, progressive external opthalmoparesis (PEO), muscle weakness, myalgia, and exercise intolerance.

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA-RELATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND HEARING LOSS Is also known as mtdna-related cardiomyopathy and hearing loss|trna-lys-related cardiomyopathy-hearing loss syndrome|maternally-inherited cardiomyopathy and deafness

• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness
• Hypertension
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) type I is an inborn error of leucine metabolism with a variable clinical phenotype ranging from mildly delayed speech to psychomotor retardation, coma, failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis and dystonia.

3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA TYPE 1 Is also known as 3-methylglutaconyl-coa hydratase deficiency|3mg-coa hydratase deficiency|mga1|3-mg-coa-hydratase deficiency|mga, type i

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Andersen's syndrome (AS) is a rare disorder characterized by periodic muscle paralysis, prolongation of the QT interval with a variety of ventricular arrhythmias (leading to predisposition to sudden cardiac death) and characteristic physical features: short stature, scoliosis, low-set ears, hypertelorism, broad nasal root, micrognathia, clinodactyly, brachydactyly and syndactyly.

ANDERSEN-TAWIL SYNDROME Is also known as andersen syndrome|long qt syndrome type 7|lqt7

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a clinically heterogeneous developmental disorder characterized by malformations affecting multiple systems. Affected individuals have dysmorphic facial features, cleft palate, distal limb defects, growth retardation, and developmental delay. About 4 to 6% of patients have mutations in the X-linked SMC1A gene, whereas about 60% have mutations in the NIPBL gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5p13 (CDLS1 ) (summary by Musio et al., 2006, Hoppman-Chaney et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, see {122470}.

CORNELIA DE LANGE SYNDROME 2; CDLS2 Is also known as cornelia de lange syndrome, x-linked|cdls, x-linked

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Isolated complex I deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes encoding subunits or assembly factors of the human mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and is characterized by a wide range of manifestations including marked and often fatal lactic acidosis, cardiomyopathy, leukoencephalopathy, pure myopathy and hepatopathy with tubulopathy. Among the numerous clinical phenotypes observed are Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and MELAS syndrome (see these terms).

ISOLATED COMPLEX I DEFICIENCY Is also known as isolated nadh-ubiquinone reductase deficiency|nadh:q(1) oxidoreductase deficiency|isolated nadh-coq reductase deficiency|isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex i deficiency|isolated nadh-coenzyme q reductase deficiency|nadh-coenzyme q reductase

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Infantile liver failure syndrome-2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of acute liver failure during intercurrent febrile illness. Patients first present in infancy or early childhood, and there is complete recovery between episodes with conservative treatment (summary by Haack et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of infantile liver failure syndrome, see ILFS1 (OMIM ).

SEVERE EARLY-ONSET PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS DUE TO MARS DEFICIENCY Is also known as interstitial lung and liver disease|pap, reunion island type|pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, reunion island type|hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with hepatic involvement

• Seizures
• Cardiomyopathy
• Vomiting
• Encephalopathy
• Jaundice

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-23 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood onset of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or neurologic symptoms, including hypotonia and delayed psychomotor development. Laboratory investigations are consistent with a defect in mitochondrial function resulting in lactic acidosis, impaired activities of respiratory complexes I and IV, and defective translation of mitochondrial proteins. Brain imaging shows abnormal lesions in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem. The severity of the disorder is variable, ranging from death in early infancy to survival into the second decade (summary by Kopajtich et al., 2014).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (OMIM ).

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 23 Is also known as coxpd23

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

MTDPS12A is characterized by severe hypotonia due to mitochondrial dysfunction apparent at birth. Affected infants have respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation and have poor or no motor development. Many die in infancy, and those that survive have profound hypotonia with significant muscle weakness and inability to walk independently. Some patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Muscle samples show mtDNA depletion and severe combined mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies (summary by Thompson et al., 2016).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mtDNA depletion syndromes, see MTDPS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscle weakness
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Childhood absence epilepsy is a subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of childhood absence epilepsy and idiopathic generalized epilepsy, see ECA1 (OMIM ) and (OMIM ), respectively.

• Seizures
• Febrile seizures

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN