Carcinoma, and Renal dysplasia

High match ALAGILLE SYNDROME 1; ALGS1

Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that traditionally has been defined by a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, in association with 5 main clinical abnormalities: cholestasis, cardiac disease, skeletal abnormalities, ocular abnormalities, and a characteristic facial phenotype (Li et al., 1997). Cholestasis is a direct consequence of the paucity of bile ducts. About 39% of patients also have renal involvement, mainly renal dysplasia (Kamath et al., 2012).Turnpenny and Ellard (2012) reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and genetics of Alagille syndrome. Genetic Heterogeneity of Alagille SyndromeAnother form of Alagille syndrome (ALGS2 ) is caused by mutation in the NOTCH2 gene (OMIM ).

ALAGILLE SYNDROME 1; ALGS1 Is also known as algs|alagille-watson syndrome|alagille syndrome|hepatic ductular hypoplasia, syndromatic|arteriohepatic dysplasia|aws|cholestasis with peripheral pulmonary stenosis|ahd

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match LIPOPROTEIN GLOMERULOPATHY

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy is an uncommon kidney disease characterized by proteinuria, progressive kidney failure, and distinctive lipoprotein thrombi in glomerular capillaries (Saito et al., 2006). It mainly affects people of Japanese and Chinese origin; in these populations, it is associated with mutations in the gene that encodes apolipoprotein E (APOE ). The disorder had rarely been described in Caucasians.

LIPOPROTEIN GLOMERULOPATHY Is also known as lpg

• Edema
• Renal insufficiency
• Carcinoma
• Proteinuria
• Abnormality of the kidney

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Low match HYPERPARATHYROIDISM 4; HRPT4

• Neoplasm
• Osteopenia
• Carcinoma
• Nephrolithiasis
• Breast carcinoma

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match MSH3-RELATED ATTENUATED FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS

Familial adenomatous polyposis-4 is an autosomal recessive tumor predisposition syndrome characterized by the development of multiple colonic adenomas in adulthood, often with progression to colorectal cancer. Proliferative lesions in other tissues may also occur (summary by Adam et al., 2016).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial adenomatous polyposis, see FAP1 (OMIM ).

MSH3-RELATED ATTENUATED FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS Is also known as msh3-related attenuated familial polyposis coli|msh3-related attenuated fap|msh3-related afap

• Neoplasm
• Carcinoma
• Astrocytoma
• Stomach cancer
• Papilloma

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match HEPATITIS B VIRUS, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO

HBV is a DNA virus that enters the liver via the bloodstream, and replication occurs only in liver tissue. Transmission occurs by percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or other body fluids. Approximately one third of all cases of cirrhosis and half of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC ) can be attributed to chronic HBV infection. Worldwide, 2 billion people have been infected with HBV, 360 million have chronic infection, and 600,000 die each year from HBV-related liver disease or HCC. However, there is marked geographic variability in HBV prevalence, with chronic infection affecting less than 2% of the populations of North America and western and northern Europe; between 2 and 7% of the populations of eastern and central Europe, the Amazon basin, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent; and more than 8% of the populations of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Pacific (Seeff and Hoofnagle, 2006; Shepard et al., 2006).

HEPATITIS B VIRUS, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO Is also known as hbv, susceptibility to

• Pain
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever
• Vomiting
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match KARYOMEGALIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis is a rare, genetic renal disease characterized by slowly progressive, chronic, tubulointerstitial nephritis, leading to end-stage renal disease before the age of 50 years, manifesting with mild proteinuria, glucosuria and, occasionally, urinary sediment abnormalities (mainly hematuria). Mild extrarenal manifestations, such as recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and abnormal liver function tests, may be associated. Renal biopsy reveals severe, chronic, interstitial fibrosis and tubular changes, as well as hallmark karyomegalic tubular epithelial cells which line the proximal and distal tubules and have enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei.

KARYOMEGALIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS Is also known as kin|systemic karyomegaly

• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Renal insufficiency
• Recurrent infections
• Pneumonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, NONPAPILLARY; RCC

The Heidelberg histologic classification of renal cell tumors subdivides renal cell tumors into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms and, where possible, limits each subcategory to the most common documented genetic abnormalities (Kovacs et al., 1997). Malignant tumors are subclassified into common or conventional renal cell carcinoma (clear cell); papillary renal cell carcinoma; chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; collecting duct carcinoma, with medullary carcinoma of the kidney; and unclassified renal cell carcinoma. The common or conventional type accounts for about 75% of renal cell neoplasms and is characterized genetically by a highly specific deletion of chromosome 3p. Papillary renal cell carcinoma (see {605074}) accounts for about 10% of renal cell tumors. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 5% of renal cell neoplasms. Genetically, chromophobe RCC is characterized by a combination of loss of heterozygosity of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21 and hypodiploid DNA content. Collecting duct carcinoma accounts for about 1% of renal cell carcinoma.Renal cell carcinoma occurs nearly twice as often in men as in women; incidence in the United States is equivalent among whites and blacks. Cigarette smoking doubles the likelihood of renal cell carcinoma and contributes to as many as one-third of cases. Obesity is also a risk factor, particularly in women. Other risk factors include hypertension, unopposed estrogen therapy, and occupational exposure to petroleum products, heavy metals, or asbestos (summary by Motzer et al., 1996). Genetic Heterogeneity of Renal Cell CarcinomaGermline mutation resulting in nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma of the clear cell and chromophobe type occurs in the HNF1A gene (OMIM ) and the HNF1B gene (OMIM ).Somatic mutations in renal cell carcinomas occur in the VHL gene (OMIM ), the TRC8 gene (OMIM ), the OGG1 gene (OMIM ), the ARMET gene (OMIM ), the FLCN gene (OMIM ), and the BAP1 gene (OMIM ).See also RCCX1 (OMIM ) for a discussion of renal cell carcinoma associated with translocations of chromosome Xp11.2 involving the TFE3 gene (OMIM ).For a discussion of papillary renal cell carcinoma, see RCCP1 (OMIM ). Occurrence of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Other DisordersVon Hippel-Lindau syndrome (OMIM ) is a familial multicancer syndrome in which there is a susceptibility to a variety of neoplasms, including renal cell carcinoma of clear cell histology and renal cysts. A syndrome of predisposition to uterine leiomyomas and papillary renal cell carcinoma has been reported (OMIM ). Medullary carcinoma of the kidney is believed to arise from the collecting ducts of the renal medulla and is associated with sickle cell trait (OMIM ) (Kovacs et al., 1997). Renal cell carcinoma occurs in patients with the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (OMIM ).Bertolotto et al. (2011) identified a missense mutation in the MITF (OMIM ) gene that increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma with or without malignant melanoma (CMM8 ).

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, NONPAPILLARY; RCC Is also known as hypernephroma|adenocarcinoma of kidney

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Carcinoma
• Falls

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match BIRT-HOGG-DUBÉ SYNDROME

Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is characterized by skin lesions, kidney tumors, and pulmonary cysts that may be associated with pneumothorax. It is a rare clinicopathologic condition named after the three Canadian physicians who reported the syndrome in 1977.

BIRT-HOGG-DUBÉ SYNDROME Is also known as hornstein-knickenberg syndrome|fibrofolliculomas with trichodiscomas and acrochordons

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Carcinoma
• Papule
• Renal cyst

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match DESMOID TUMOR

A desmoid tumor (DT) is a benign, locally invasive soft tissue tumor associated with a high recurrence rate but with no metastatic potential.

DESMOID TUMOR Is also known as fif|aggressive fibromatosis|desmoid type fibromatosis|fibromatosis, familial infiltrative

• Neoplasm
• Abdominal pain
• Arthralgia
• Myalgia
• Hydronephrosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match HYPERPARATHYROIDISM 1; HRPT1

Familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism is an autosomal dominant hypercalcemic disorder caused by inappropriate oversecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, and carcinomas (summary by Shibata et al., 2015). Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial HyperparathyroidismHyperparathyroidism-2 with jaw tumors (HRPT2 ), also known as the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), is also caused by mutation in the CDC73 gene. A locus for HRPT (HRPT3 ) has been mapped to chromosome 2p14-p13.3. HRPT4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the GCM2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6p24. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT ) is caused by mutation in the CASR gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 3q.Familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism occasionally results from incomplete expression of multiple endocrine neoplasia (see MEN1, {131100}).Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (see {145980}) can be confused with familial primary hyperparathyroidism.

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM 1; HRPT1 Is also known as fihp|hyperparathyroidism, familial isolated primary

• Neoplasm
• Renal insufficiency
• Osteopenia
• Carcinoma
• Abnormality of the kidney

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN