Carcinoma, and Pallor

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumors that usually arise within the adrenal medulla. Approximately 10% arise in extraadrenal sympathetic ganglia, and are referred to as 'paragangliomas.' Approximately 10% are malignant, and approximately 10% are hereditary (Maher and Eng, 2002; Dluhy, 2002).Bolande (1974) introduced the concept and designation of the neurocristopathies, and identified 'simple,' including pheochromocytoma and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and 'complex' neurocristopathies and neurocristopathic syndromes, including NF1 and MEN2.Knudson and Strong (1972) applied Knudson's 2-mutation theory to pheochromocytoma (see discussion in {180200}) and concluded that it fits.Maher and Eng (2002) reviewed the clinical entities and genes associated with pheochromocytoma.

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA Is also known as pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Tremor
• Fatigue
• Congestive heart failure

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary DNA repair disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia with bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors.

FANCONI ANEMIA Is also known as fanconi pancytopenia|fanconi anemia|fa

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically presenting in adults over the age of 40 (mean age 63), and only rarely in children, in various regions of the GI tract, most commonly the stomach or small intestine but also less commonly in the esophagus, appendix, rectum and colon. GISTs can be asymptomatic or present with various non-specific signs, depending on the location and size of tumor, such as loss of appetite, anemia, weight loss, fatigue, abdominal discomfort or fullness, nausea, vomiting, as well as an abdominal mass, blood in stool, and intestinal obstruction. GISTs can also be seen in familial syndromes such as Carney triad and neurofibromatosis type 1.

GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR Is also known as gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma|gist

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Anemia
• Fever
• Fatigue

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

A slowly progressive syndrome of cherubic facies (fullness of the cheeks, producing a typical chubby face suggestive of a cherub) maxillary fibrous dysplasia, gingival enlargement, radiolucent lesions of the jaws, seizures, delayed mental development, stunted growth, and other defects. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and vascular skin lesions may occur.

RAMON SYNDROME Is also known as cherubism-gingival fibromatosis-intellectual disability syndrome|cherubism, gingival fibromatosis, epilepsy, mental deficiency, hypertrichosis, and stunted growth

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

DENYS-DRASH SYNDROME; DDS Is also known as nephropathy, wilms tumor, and genital anomalies|drash syndrome|wilms tumor and pseudo- or true hermaphroditism

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Neoplasm
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytomas (PGL/PCC) are rare neuroendocrine tumors represented by paragangliomas (occurring in any paraganglia from the skull base to the pelvic floor) and pheochromocytomas (adrenal medullary paragangliomas; see this term).

HEREDITARY PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA-PARAGANGLIOMA Is also known as familial pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma

• Tremor
• Fatigue
• Congestive heart failure
• Weight loss
• Conductive hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive, progressive neurodegenerative disorder which, in the classic infantile form, is usually fatal by age 2 or 3 years.

TAY-SACHS DISEASE; TSD Is also known as b variant gm2-gangliosidosis|gm2-gangliosidosis, type i|hexosaminidase a deficiency|hexa deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Blackfan-Diamond anemia (DBA) is a congenital aregenerative and often macrocytic anemia with erythroblastopenia.

BLACKFAN-DIAMOND ANEMIA Is also known as congenital hypoplastic anemia, blackfan-diamond type|congenital pure red cell aplasia|aase-smith syndrome ii|congenital prca|aase-smith ii syndrome|aase syndrome

• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Hypertelorism
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Porokeratosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by one or more annular plaques with a surrounding raised horny border that spreads centrifugally. Variants of porokeratosis have been described that differ in morphologic shape, distribution, and clinical course (Schamroth et al., 1997). However, as noted by Sybert (2010), the existence of several families with expression of more than one variant of porokeratosis among members, and individuals expressing more than one variant, suggest that the distinctions among these variants may be artificial.Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common subtype of porokeratosis. It is characterized by multiple small, annular, anhidrotic, keratotic lesions that are located predominantly on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, neck, and distal limbs. The lesions typically begin to develop in adolescence and reach near-complete penetrance by the third or fourth decade of life (summary by Wu et al., 2004 and Zhang et al., 2012).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of porokeratosis, see {175800}.

• Carcinoma
• Papule
• Porokeratosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common form of porokeratosis characterized by the presence of several small annular plaques with a distinctive keratotic rim found most commonly on sun-exposed areas of the skin, particularly the extremities.

DISSEMINATED SUPERFICIAL ACTINIC POROKERATOSIS Is also known as porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic, 2|dsap2

• Carcinoma
• Pruritus
• Cutaneous photosensitivity
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Porokeratosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN