Carcinoma, and Increased bone mineral density

• Neoplasm
• Osteopenia
• Carcinoma
• Nephrolithiasis
• Breast carcinoma

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital analbuminemia (CAA) is characterized by the absence or dramatic reduction of circulating human serum albumin (HSA).

• Neoplasm
• Fatigue
• Edema
• Osteoporosis
• Carcinoma

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Primary pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease is a form of ACTH-independent adrenal hyperplasia resulting in Cushing syndrome. It is usually seen as a manifestation of the Carney complex (CNC1 ), a multiple neoplasia syndrome. However, PPNAD can also occur in isolation (Groussin et al., 2002). Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Pigmented Micronodular Adrenocortical DiseaseSee also PPNAD2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDE11A gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 2q31; PPNAD3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDE8B gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5q13; and PPNAD4 (OMIM ), caused by a duplication on chromosome 19p13 that includes the PRKACA gene (OMIM ).

PIGMENTED NODULAR ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASE, PRIMARY, 1; PPNAD1 Is also known as pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease, primary, 1|cushing syndrome, adrenal, due to ppnad1|adrenocortical nodular dysplasia, primary

• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Kyphosis
• Obesity
• Depressivity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism is an autosomal dominant hypercalcemic disorder caused by inappropriate oversecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from parathyroid adenomas, hyperplasia, and carcinomas (summary by Shibata et al., 2015). Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial HyperparathyroidismHyperparathyroidism-2 with jaw tumors (HRPT2 ), also known as the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), is also caused by mutation in the CDC73 gene. A locus for HRPT (HRPT3 ) has been mapped to chromosome 2p14-p13.3. HRPT4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the GCM2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6p24. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT ) is caused by mutation in the CASR gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 3q.Familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism occasionally results from incomplete expression of multiple endocrine neoplasia (see MEN1, {131100}).Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (see {145980}) can be confused with familial primary hyperparathyroidism.

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM 1; HRPT1 Is also known as fihp|hyperparathyroidism, familial isolated primary

• Neoplasm
• Renal insufficiency
• Osteopenia
• Carcinoma
• Abnormality of the kidney

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) results from a deficiency in one or another of the enzymes of cortisol biosynthesis. In about 95% of cases, 21-hydroxylation is impaired in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex so that 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is not converted to 11-deoxycortisol. Because of defective cortisol synthesis, ACTH levels increase, resulting in overproduction and accumulation of cortisol precursors, particularly 17-OHP, proximal to the block. This causes excessive production of androgens, resulting in virilization.Slominski et al. (1996) presented evidence that the CYP21A2, CYP11A1 (OMIM ), CYP17 (OMIM ), and ACTHR (OMIM ) genes are expressed in skin (see {202200}). The authors suggested that expression of these genes may play a role in skin physiology and pathology and that cutaneous proopiomelanocortin activity may be autoregulated by a feedback mechanism involving glucocorticoids synthesized locally.

ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL, DUE TO 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as cyp21 deficiency|21-hydroxylase deficiency|congenital adrenal hyperplasia 1|cah1|adrenal hyperplasia iii

• Short stature
• Neoplasm
• Hypertension
• Fever
• Obesity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Dyskeratosis congenita is a bone marrow failure syndrome classically characterized by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia of the oral mucosa. Progressive bone marrow failure occurs in over 80% of cases and is the main cause of early mortality. The phenotype is highly variable, and affected individuals may have multiple additional features, including pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, premature hair loss and/or graying, osteoporosis, atresia of the lacrimal ducts, and learning difficulties. Predisposition to malignancy is an important feature. The disorder is caused by defects in the maintenance of telomeres (summary by Kirwan and Dokal, 2008).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dyskeratosis congenita, see DKCA1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Microcephaly
• Abnormality of the dentition
• Thrombocytopenia
• Alopecia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by synchronous or metachronous occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism, ossifying fibroma of the maxilla and/or mandible, renal tumor, and uterine tumors. It is associated with increased risk of parathyroid cancer (summary by Shibata et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyperparathyroidism, see HRPT1 (OMIM ).

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM-JAW TUMOR SYNDROME Is also known as hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, hereditary|hyperparathyroidism, familial primary, with multiple ossifying jaw fibromas|hpt-jt

• Neoplasm
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Dysphagia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hailey-Hailey disease, also known as benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder that usually becomes manifest in the third or fourth decade of life with erythema, vesicles, and erosions involving the body folds, particularly the groin and axillary regions. Other sites of the body, such as the neck, perianal, and submammary regions, may likewise be affected (summary by Poblete-Gutierrez et al., 2004).This disorder was first described by the dermatologist brothers Hailey and Hailey (1939).

BENIGN CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS; BCPM Is also known as hhd|hailey-hailey disease|pemphigus, benign familial

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Parathyroid carcinoma (PRTC) is a very rare, slow-growing, clinically serious endocrine tumor that generally develops in mid-adulthood. PRTC presents as a palpable painless mass in the neck and causes severe hypercalcemia and related symptoms, non-specific gastrointestinal manifestations, as well as renal and bone complications related to primary hyperparathyroidism (nephrolithiasis, impaired renal function, osteoporosis, bone pain, and pathologic fractures, etc.). Some PRTCs are however non-functioning tumors.

PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Is also known as prtc

• Neoplasm
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Dysphagia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Tyrosinemia type 1 (HTI) is an inborn error of tyrosine catabolism caused by defective activity of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) and is characterized by progressive liver disease, renal tubular dysfunction, porphyria-like crises and a dramatic improvement in prognosis following treatment with nitisinone.

TYROSINEMIA TYPE 1 Is also known as hepatorenal tyrosinemia|fumarylacetoacetase deficiency|fah deficiency|fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency|tyrosinemia type i

• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN