Carcinoma, and Epicanthus

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism of the urea cycle which causes hyperammonemia. The disorder is treatable with supplemental dietary arginine and low protein diet.Urea cycle disorders are characterized by the triad of hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, and respiratory alkalosis. Five disorders involving different defects in the biosynthesis of the enzymes of the urea cycle have been described: OTC deficiency, carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency (OMIM ), argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency, or citrullinemia (OMIM ), argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (OMIM ), and arginase deficiency (OMIM ).

ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY, HYPERAMMONEMIA DUE TO Is also known as ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency|otc deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia complementation group S is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental delay apparent from infancy, short stature, microcephaly, and coarse dysmorphic features. Laboratory studies show defective DNA repair and increased chromosomal breakage during stress. Some patients may have radial ray anomalies, anemia, and increased risk of cancer; patients often have a family history of cancer in family members who have heterozygous mutations (summary by Freire et al., 2018).For additional general information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Fanconi anemia, see {227650}.

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

BASAL CELL NEVUS SYNDROME; BCNS Is also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome|gorlin-goltz syndrome|gorlin syndrome|nbccs|multiple basal cell nevi, odontogenic keratocysts, and skeletal anomalies

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a disease affecting the bone metaphyses causing small stature from birth.

CARTILAGE-HAIR HYPOPLASIA Is also known as autosomal recessive metaphyseal chondrodysplasia|metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, mckusick type

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary DNA repair disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia with bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors.

FANCONI ANEMIA Is also known as fanconi pancytopenia|fanconi anemia|fa

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by failure to thrive, short stature, developmental delay or intellectual disability, joint laxity, soft skin, and distinctive facial features. Cardiac and neurological involvement is common and there is an increased lifetime risk of certain tumors.

COSTELLO SYNDROME Is also known as fcs syndrome|faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by increased sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and increased risk of skin cancer resulting from a defect in DNA repair. XPC is the most common form of XP in the white population, accounting for over a third of all cases in this group (review by Li et al., 1993).For a general discussion of xeroderma pigmentosum, see XPA (OMIM ).

XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP C; XPC Is also known as xp, group c|xp3|xpcc|xeroderma pigmentosum iii

• Neoplasm
• Hyperactivity
• Photophobia
• Carcinoma
• Abnormality of the nervous system

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS-INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SYNDROME, MKB TYPE Is also known as bmrs, mkb type|bmrs, maat-kievit-brunner type|blepharophimosis-intellectual disability syndrome, maat-kievit-brunner type|blepharophimosis-mental retardation syndrome, maat-kievit-brunner type|x-linked ohdo syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Cryptorchidism

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Dyskeratosis congenita is a bone marrow failure syndrome classically characterized by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia of the oral mucosa. Progressive bone marrow failure occurs in over 80% of cases and is the main cause of early mortality. The phenotype is highly variable, and affected individuals may have multiple additional features, including pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, premature hair loss and/or graying, osteoporosis, atresia of the lacrimal ducts, and learning difficulties. Predisposition to malignancy is an important feature. The disorder is caused by defects in the maintenance of telomeres (summary by Kirwan and Dokal, 2008).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dyskeratosis congenita, see DKCA1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Microcephaly
• Abnormality of the dentition
• Thrombocytopenia
• Alopecia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Fanconi anemia of complementation group P is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased chromosomal instability and progressive bone marrow failure. Some patients have skeletal anomalies (summary by Kim et al., 2011).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Fanconi anemia (FA), see {227650}.

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN