Carcinoma, and Eczema

Chronic granulomatous disease is a genetically heterogeneous immunodeficiency disorder resulting from an inability of phagocytes to kill microbes that they have ingested. This impairment in killing is caused by any of several defects in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (phox) complex, which generates the microbicidal 'respiratory burst' (reviewed by Dinauer et al., 2001 and Johnston, 2001). Genetic Heterogeneity of Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseChronic granulomatous disease can be caused by mutations in any 1 of 5 genes encoding structural or regulatory subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex. See also autosomal recessive cytochrome b-negative CGD (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CYBA gene (OMIM ); autosomal recessive cytochrome b-positive CGD type I (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NCF1 gene (OMIM ); autosomal recessive cytochrome b-positive CGD II (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NCF2 gene (OMIM ); and autosomal recessive cytochrome b-positive CGD type III (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NCF4 gene (OMIM ).A similar syndrome, termed neutrophil immunodeficiency syndrome (OMIM ), is caused by mutation in another protein involved in the NADPH oxidase complex, RAC2 (OMIM ).

GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC, X-LINKED; CDGX Is also known as cytochrome b-negative granulomatous disease, chronic, x-linked|cgd|chronic granulomatous disease, x-linked

• Hepatomegaly
• Splenomegaly
• Immunodeficiency
• Recurrent infections
• Thrombocytopenia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Hailey-Hailey disease, also known as benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder that usually becomes manifest in the third or fourth decade of life with erythema, vesicles, and erosions involving the body folds, particularly the groin and axillary regions. Other sites of the body, such as the neck, perianal, and submammary regions, may likewise be affected (summary by Poblete-Gutierrez et al., 2004).This disorder was first described by the dermatologist brothers Hailey and Hailey (1939).

BENIGN CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS; BCPM Is also known as hhd|hailey-hailey disease|pemphigus, benign familial

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Pain

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Autoimmune enteropathy and endocrinopathy-susceptibility to chronic infections syndrome is an extremely rare, autosomal dominant immunological disorder characterized by variable enteropathy, endocrine disorders (e.g. type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism), immune dysregulation with pulmonary and blood-borne bacterial infections, and fungal infections (chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis) developing in infancy. Other manifestations include short stature, eczema, hepatosplenomegaly, delayed puberty, and osteoporosis/osteopenia.

AUTOIMMUNE ENTEROPATHY AND ENDOCRINOPATHY-SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC INFECTIONS SYNDROME Is also known as candf7|candidiasis, familial, 7|candidiasis, familial chronic mucocutaneous, autosomal dominant

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Anemia
• Diarrhea

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Kindler syndrome (KS) is the fourth major type of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), besides simplex, junctional and dystrophic forms, and is characterized by skin fragility and blistering at birth followed by development of photosensitivity and progressive poikilodermatous skin changes.

KINDLER SYNDROME Is also known as poikiloderma, hereditary acrokeratotic|poikiloderma of kindler|poikiloderma, congenital, with bullae, weary type|bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma of kindler and weary|ks

• Anemia
• Flexion contracture
• Dysphagia
• Syndactyly
• Hyperkeratosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Costello syndrome (CS) is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by failure to thrive, short stature, developmental delay or intellectual disability, joint laxity, soft skin, and distinctive facial features. Cardiac and neurological involvement is common and there is an increased lifetime risk of certain tumors.

COSTELLO SYNDROME Is also known as fcs syndrome|faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Acne inversa is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles whose characteristic features include draining sinuses, painful skin abscesses, and disfiguring scars. Manifestations typically appear after puberty. Familial acne inversa is genetically heterogeneous (summary by Wang et al., 2010). Some patients with PSENEN-associated acne inversa also exhibit reticulate hyperpigmentation consistent with Dowling-Degos disease (DDD; see {179850}) (Zhou et al., 2016).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of acne inversa, see {142690}.

• Neoplasm
• Obesity
• Hyperkeratosis
• Carcinoma
• Scarring

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by persistent CD4 T-cell lymphopenia (less than 300 cells/µL on multiple occasions) not associated with any other underlying primary or secondary immune deficiency. Patients typically present opportunistic infections (with cryptococcal, mycobacterial, candidal, varicella zoster virus infections and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy being the most prevalent), malignancies (mainly lymphoproliferative disorders), or autoimmune disorders. Some individuals are asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed.

IDIOPATHIC CD4 LYMPHOCYTOPENIA Is also known as icl|idiopathic cd4 lymphopenia

• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Immunodeficiency
• Pneumonia
• Carcinoma

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome characterized by the variable development of 3 tumors: cutaneous piloleiomyomata that develop in essentially all patients by age 40 years; leiomyomata (fibroids) of the uterus, and rarely leiomyosarcomas, at a mean age of 30 years (range, 18 to 52 years); and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma at a mean age of 46 years (range, 17 to 75 years), which occurs in about 20% of patients. Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma is a pathologic subtype characterized by large tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and pseudostratified nuclei; it shows an aggressive clinical course. Some patients with FH mutations may develop collecting duct renal cell carcinoma. The main focus of management in HLRCC is prevention of disease and death due to renal cancer (summary by Gardie et al., 2011; Smit et al., 2011; and Lehtonen, 2011).For a general discussion of papillary renal cell carcinoma, see RCCP1 (OMIM ).

HEREDITARY LEIOMYOMATOSIS AND RENAL CELL CANCER; HLRCC Is also known as mcl|multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata 1, with or without renal cell carcinoma|mcul1|lrcc|leiomyoma, multiple cutaneous|leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, hereditary

• Neoplasm
• Pain
• Cataract
• Carcinoma
• Skin rash

SOURCES: MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is characterized by light-sensitive dermatitis and the excretion of large amounts of uroporphyrin in urine (Elder et al., 1980).De Verneuil et al. (1978) and others classified porphyria cutanea tarda, the most common type of porphyria, into 2 types: type I (OMIM ), or 'sporadic' type, associated with approximately 50% level of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) in liver (Elder et al., 1978; Felsher et al., 1982), and type II, or 'familial' type, characterized by 50% deficient activity of the same enzyme in many tissues (Kushner et al., 1976; Elder et al., 1980).PCT type II is an autosomal dominant disorder with low penetrance and constitutes about 20% of cases of PCT. Recognized exacerbating factors of PCT include iron overload, excessive use of alcohol, exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic chemicals, exposure to estrogens, chronic viral hepatitis C, HIV infections, and mutation in the HFE gene (OMIM ) that are responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis (OMIM ) (review by Lambrecht et al., 2007).

PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA Is also known as uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency|pct|pct, type ii|pct, 'familial' type|urod deficiency|porphyria cutanea tarda, type ii|porphyria, hepatocutaneous type

• Anemia
• Edema
• Alopecia
• Carcinoma
• Erythema

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN