Carcinoma, and Camptodactyly of finger

Kindler syndrome (KS) is the fourth major type of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), besides simplex, junctional and dystrophic forms, and is characterized by skin fragility and blistering at birth followed by development of photosensitivity and progressive poikilodermatous skin changes.

KINDLER SYNDROME Is also known as poikiloderma, hereditary acrokeratotic|poikiloderma of kindler|poikiloderma, congenital, with bullae, weary type|bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma of kindler and weary|ks

• Anemia
• Flexion contracture
• Dysphagia
• Syndactyly
• Hyperkeratosis

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in the neonatal period by orofacial weakness with impaired sucking and swallowing resulting in poor feeding necessitating medical intervention. Affected infants show a tendency to startle, with contractions of the facial muscles in response to tactile stimuli or during crying, trismus, abundant salivation, and opisthotonus. During the first year, most infants have spiking fevers. These features, referred to as 'Crisponi syndrome' in infancy, can result in early death without advanced care. After the first 2 years, the abnormal muscle contractions and fevers abate, and most patients show normal psychomotor development. From childhood onward, the most disabling symptoms stem from impaired thermoregulation and disabling abnormal sweating, which can be treated with clonidine. Patients have hyperhidrosis, mainly of the upper body, in response to cold temperatures, and sweat very little with heat. Other features include characteristic facial anomalies, such as round face, chubby cheeks, micrognathia, high-arched palate, low-set ears, and depressed nasal bridge, dental decay, camptodactyly, and progressive kyphoscoliosis (summary by Hahn et al., 2010).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome, see CISS1 (OMIM ).

• Scoliosis
• Micrognathia
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS) is a historical term used to describe a phenotype now considered to be part of the X-linked L1 clinical spectrum (L1 syndrome, see this term). HSAS is characterized by severe hydrocephalus mostly with prenatal onset, signs of intracranial hypertension, adducted thumbs, spasticity, and severe intellectual deficit. HSAS represents the severe end of the spectrum and is associated with poor prognosis.

HYDROCEPHALUS WITH STENOSIS OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS Is also known as x-linked hydrocephalus|hsas1|hycx|aqueductal stenosis, x-linked|bickers-adams syndrome|x-linked acqueductal stenosis|xlas|hydrocephalus, x-linked|x-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius|x-linked hsas|hsas

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Severe generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB-sev gen) is the most severe subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB, see this term), formerly known as the Hallopeau-Siemens type, and is characterized by generalized cutaneous and mucosal blistering and scarring associated with severe deformities and major extracutaneous involvement.

SEVERE GENERALIZED RECESSIVE DYSTROPHIC EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA Is also known as rdeb, hallopeau-siemens type|severe generalized rdeb|dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, autosomal recessive|rdeb generalisata gravis|epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, hallopeau-siemens type|rdeb-sev gen|autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Cataract
• Anemia
• Flexion contracture

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Ruijs et al. (2003) reported a Moroccan boy with a chromosomal breakage who died of hepatocellular carcinoma at age 17 years. The boy was noted to have growth retardation at age 3 years; at age 7 he was found to have thoracic kyphosis, frontal bossing, and a delayed bone age of approximately 3 years. He underwent surgery for severe bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts at age 14. Examination at age 15 showed short stature and low weight, with premature graying of scalp hair, small frontotemporal diameter, small deep-set eyes, bulbous nose with high nasal bridge, small upper lip, and micrognathia. In addition, he had thoracic kyphoscoliosis, sloping shoulders, mild pectus excavatum, moderate bilateral contractures of both elbows, bilateral clinodactyly, and pes planus. At age 17, he developed abdominal pain, and ultrasonography revealed a liver mass; biopsy confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the advanced stage, no treatment was possible, and he died 2 months later. Although his parents were not known to be consanguineous, they originated from the same small Moroccan village.Lessel et al. (2014) studied 2 brothers from a nonconsanguineous Australian family of European ancestry who exhibited low body weight, micrognathia, triangular face, muscular atrophy, lipodystrophy, bilateral simian creases, delayed bone age, and mild joint restrictions in the fingers and elbows. In addition, both brothers developed early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma, at ages 16 and 14 years, respectively. The older brother died at age 18 from complications of acute fulminant hepatic failure. Analysis of patient tumor biopsies showed strong focal accumulations of cancer biomarkers as well as a high proliferative index compared to healthy liver or to cells from idiopathic hepatocellular carcinoma.

PROGEROID FEATURES-HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PREDISPOSITION SYNDROME Is also known as ruijs-aalfs syndrome

• Short stature
• Growth delay
• Neoplasm
• Micrognathia
• Pain

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Keratitis (and hystrix-like) ichthyosis deafness (KID/HID) syndrome is a rare congenital ectodermal disorder characterized by vascularizing keratitis, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and hearing loss.

KID SYNDROME Is also known as ichthyosis hystrix rheydt type|keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness/hystrix-like ichthyosis-deafness syndrome|senter syndrome|kid/hid syndrome|kid syndrome, autosomal dominant

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Neoplasm
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) with periorificial keratotic plaques (also known as Olmsted syndrome) is a hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by the combination of bilateral mutilating transgredient palmoplantar keratoderma and periorificial keratotic plaques.

MUTILATING PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA WITH PERIORIFICIAL KERATOTIC PLAQUES Is also known as palmoplantar and periorificial keratoderma|mutilating palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with periorificial keratotic plaques|olms|olmsted syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

LYNCH SYNDROME Is also known as coca2|colon cancer, familial nonpolyposis, type 2|fcc2

• Seizures
• Neoplasm
• Muscular hypotonia
• Flexion contracture
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Ataxia-telangiectasia is the association of severe combined immunodeficiency (affecting mainly the humoral immune response) with progressive cerebellar ataxia. It is characterised by neurological signs, telangiectasias, increased susceptibility to infections and a higher risk of cancer.

ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA Is also known as at1|louis-bar syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN