Brachydactyly, and Polyhydramnios

Saldino-Mainzer syndrome is characterised by the association of renal disease, retinal pigmentary dystrophy, cerebellar ataxia and skeletal dysplasia.

SALDINO-MAINZER SYNDROME Is also known as renal dysplasia-retinal pigmentary dystrophy-cerebellar ataxia-skeletal dysplasia syndrome|conorenal syndrome

• Short stature
• Cryptorchidism
• Delayed speech and language development
• Brachydactyly
• Respiratory insufficiency

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 8 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD8 Is also known as srps6|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type vi

• Short stature
• Failure to thrive
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Hepatomegaly
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Chitayat syndrome is a rare condition characterized by respiratory distress presenting at birth, bilateral accessory phalanx resulting in shortened index fingers with ulnar deviation, hallux valgus, and characteristic facial features including prominent eyes, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, full lips, and upturned nose (summary by Balasubramanian et al., 2017).

• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Abnormal facial shape
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Schneckenbecken dysplasia (or chondrodysplasia with snail-like pelvis) is a prenatally lethal spondylodysplastic dysplasia.

SCHNECKENBECKEN DYSPLASIA Is also known as chondrodysplasia with snail-like pelvis|slc35d1-cdg|chondrodysplasia, lethal neonatal, with snail-like pelvis

• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Brachydactyly
• Macrocephaly
• Short neck

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Boomerang dysplasia (BD) is a rare lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, dislocated joints, club feet, distinctive facies and diagnostic x-ray findings of underossified and dysplastic long tubular bones, with a boomerang-like bowing.

• Micrognathia
• Cryptorchidism
• Brachydactyly
• Wide nasal bridge
• Macrocephaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 (TD1) is a form of TD (see this term) characterized by short, bowed femurs, micromelia, narrow thorax, and brachydactyly.

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA TYPE 1 Is also known as thanatophoric dwarfism type 1|td1

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia, type 2 (TD2) is a form of TD (see this term) characterized by micromelia, straight long-bones, macrocephaly, brachydactyly, shortened ribs and a clover-leaf skull (kleeblattschaedel).

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA TYPE 2 Is also known as thanatophoric dwarfism type 2|cloverleaf skull-micromelic bone dysplasia syndrome|thanatophoric dysplasia with kleeblattschaedel|thanatophoric dysplasia with straight femurs and cloverleaf skull|td2|cloverleaf skull with thanatophoric dwarfism|thanatophor

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Muscular hypotonia
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013). There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).SRTD15 is characterized by narrow thorax, oral and cardiovascular anomalies, short long bones, and postaxial polydactyly, in addition to other congenital anomalies. Considerable variability in features and in severity has been reported, with some affected individuals succumbing shortly after birth and others living to adulthood, even within the same family.For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Abnormal facial shape
• Low-set ears
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Thanatophoric dysplasia is a severe short-limb dwarfism syndrome that is usually lethal in the perinatal period. Norman et al. (1992) classified cases of TD into subtypes based on the presence of curved as opposed to straight femurs; patients with straight, relatively long femurs always had associated severe cloverleaf skull and were designated TD type II (TD2), while TD cases with curved, short femurs with or without cloverleaf skull were designated TD type I (TD1) (Langer et al., 1987).

THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA, TYPE I; TD1 Is also known as thanatophoric dysplasia|lethal short-limbed platyspondylic dwarfism, san diego type|thanatophoric dwarfism|td|platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, san diego type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Growth delay
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Opsismodysplasia is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by congenital dwarfism and facial dysmorphism.

• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hypertelorism
• Muscular hypotonia
• Depressed nasal bridge

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN