Brachydactyly, and Micropenis

BBS17 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, cognitive impairment, obesity, renal dysfunction, and hypogenitalism. Polydactyly, most often postaxial, is also a primary feature of BBS; in BBS17 mesoaxial polydactyly, with fused or Y-shaped metacarpals, is a distinct manifestation (Deffert et al., 2007; Schaefer et al., 2014).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Cognitive impairment
• Brachydactyly
• Renal insufficiency
• Obesity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia (ECO) syndrome is characterized by various anomalies of the endocrine, cerebral, and skeletal systems resulting in neonatal mortality.

ENDOCRINE-CEREBRO-OSTEODYSPLASIA SYNDROME Is also known as eco syndrome

• Micrognathia
• Abnormal facial shape
• Cleft palate
• Cryptorchidism
• Low-set ears

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Robinow syndrome is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by distinctive facial features, including midface hypoplasia, hypertelorism, a short nose, and a broad mouth, known collectively as 'fetal facies.' Additional features include mesomelic dwarfism, macrocephaly, gingival hypertrophy, dental malocclusion, genital hypoplasia, and brachydactyly (summary by Bunn et al., 2015). Additionally, increased skull bone density and appendicular osteosclerosis are present in patients with DRS2 (White et al., 2015; Bunn et al., 2015).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Robinow syndrome, see RRS (OMIM ).

• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

BRACHYDACTYLY, TYPE B1; BDB1 Is also known as bdb|brachydactyly, type b

• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Brachydactyly
• Ventricular septal defect
• Syndactyly
• Micropenis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 3 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD3 Is also known as srps2b|polydactyly with neonatal chondrodystrophy, type iii|verma-naumoff syndrome|asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy 3|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type i|polydactyly with neonatal chondrodystrophy, type i|srps3|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type iib|s

• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Cleft palate
• Brachydactyly
• Talipes equinovarus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome is characterized by multiple exostoses, parietal foramina, enlargement of the anterior fontanelle and occasionally intellectual deficit and mild cranio-facial anomalies. To date, 23 individuals from 14 families have been reported. The syndrome is caused by contiguous gene deletions on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p11.2).

POTOCKI-SHAFFER SYNDROME Is also known as proximal 11p deletion syndrome|defect11 syndrome|pss|chromosome 11p11.2 deletion syndrome|11p11.2 deletion|p11pds

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS) is a very rare multiple congenital abnormality syndrome characterized by distal limb malformations and urogenital defects.

HAND-FOOT-GENITAL SYNDROME Is also known as hfgs|hand-foot-uterus syndrome|hfu

• Strabismus
• Brachydactyly
• Ventricular septal defect
• Renal insufficiency
• Hypospadias

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly refers to a group of autosomal recessive skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, shortened tubular bones, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. SRTD encompasses Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) and the disorders previously designated as Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), short rib-polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), and Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS). Polydactyly is variably present, and there is phenotypic overlap in the various forms of SRTDs, which differ by visceral malformation and metaphyseal appearance. Nonskeletal involvement can include cleft lip/palate as well as anomalies of major organs such as the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines, and genitalia. Some forms of SRTD are lethal in the neonatal period due to respiratory insufficiency secondary to a severely restricted thoracic cage, whereas others are compatible with life (summary by Huber and Cormier-Daire, 2012 and Schmidts et al., 2013).There is phenotypic overlap with the cranioectodermal dysplasias (Sensenbrenner syndrome; see CED1, {218330}).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of short-rib thoracic dysplasia, see SRTD1 (OMIM ).

SHORT-RIB THORACIC DYSPLASIA 6 WITH OR WITHOUT POLYDACTYLY; SRTD6 Is also known as majewski syndrome|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type ii|srps2a|srps, type ii|polydactyly with neonatal chondrodystrophy, type ii|short rib-polydactyly syndrome, type iia

• Short stature
• Cleft palate
• Delayed speech and language development
• Motor delay
• Brachydactyly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability due to JARID1C mutation is characterised by mild to severe intellectual deficit associated with variable clinical manifestations including spasticity, cryptorchidism, maxillary hypoplasia, alopecia areata, epilepsy, short stature, impaired speech and behavioural problems. To date, it has been described in less than 15 families. Transmission is X-linked recessive and the syndrome is caused by mutations in the JARID1C (SMCX) gene encoding a JmjC-domain protein with histone demethylase activity.

SYNDROMIC X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY DUE TO JARID1C MUTATION Is also known as mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic, jarid1c-related|mrxsj

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Osteocraniostenosis is a lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a cloverleaf skull anomaly, facial dysmorphism, limb shortness, splenic hypo/aplasia and radiological anomalies including thin tubular bones with flared metaphyses and deficient calvarial mineralization.

OSTEOCRANIOSTENOSIS Is also known as habrodysplasia|osteocraniostenosis|gracile bone dysplasia|skeletal dysplasia, lethal, with gracile bones|osteocraniosplenic syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN