Brachydactyly, and Lactic acidosis

Low match COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 2

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 2 is a rare mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal limb edema and redundant skin on the neck (hydrops), developmental brain defects (corpus callosum agenesis, ventriculomegaly), brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features with low set ears, severe intractable neonatal lactic acidosis with lethargy, hypotonia, absent spontaneous movements and fatal outcome. Markedly decreased activity of complex I, II + III and IV in muscle and liver have been determined.

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 2 Is also known as coxpd2|corpus callosum, agenesis of, with dysmorphism and fatal lactic acidosis

• Abnormal facial shape
• Low-set ears
• Brachydactyly
• Ventriculomegaly
• Edema

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Low match ACROMESOMELIC DYSPLASIA, GREBE TYPE

Acromesomelic dysplasia, Grebe type is an autosomal recessively inherited form of acromesomelic dysplasia (see this term) characterized by severe dwarfism at birth, abnormalities confined to limbs, severe shortening and deformity of long bones, fusion or absence of carpal and tarsal bones, ball shaped fingers and, occasionally, polydactyly and absent joints. As seen in acromesomelic dysplasia, Hunter-Thomson type and acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux Type (see these terms), facial features and intelligence are normal.

ACROMESOMELIC DYSPLASIA, GREBE TYPE Is also known as fumaric aciduria|chondrodysplasia, grebe type

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME TYPE A

Type A insulin-resistance syndrome belongs to the group of extreme insulin-resistance syndromes (which includes leprechaunism, the lipodystrophies, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome and type B insulin resistance syndrome; see these terms) and is characterized by the triad of hyperinsulinemia, acanthosis nigricans (skin lesions associated with insulin resistance), and signs of hyperandrogenism in females without lipodystrophy and who are not overweight.

INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME TYPE A Is also known as diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans, type a|insulin receptor, defect in, with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus and acanthosis nigricans|iran, type a

• Intellectual disability
• Hypertelorism
• Brachydactyly
• Abnormality of the dentition
• Intellectual disability, mild

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match CRANIOECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 2; CED2

Cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive heterogeneous ciliopathy that is primarily characterized by skeletal abnormalities, including craniosynostosis, narrow rib cage, short limbs, and brachydactyly, and ectodermal defects. Nephronophthisis leading to progressive renal failure, hepatic fibrosis, heart defects, and retinitis pigmentosa have also been described (summary by Arts et al., 2011).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cranioectodermal dysplasia, see CED1 (OMIM ).

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hypertelorism
• Micrognathia
• Cleft palate

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA

Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare disorder of phenylalanine metabolism (see this term), an inborn error of amino acid metabolism, characterized by the development of microcephaly, growth retardation, congenital heart disease, facial dysmorphism and intellectual disability in nonphenylketonuric offspring of mothers with excess phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations.

MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA Is also known as phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency|phenylketonuric embryopathy|maternal pku|pah deficiency|folling disease|maternal hyperphenylalaninemia|hyperphenylalaninemic embryopathy|oligophrenia phenylpyruvica

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match WOLCOTT-RALLISON SYNDROME

Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) is a very rare genetic disease, characterized by permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and other clinical manifestations, including recurrent episodes of acute liver failure.

WOLCOTT-RALLISON SYNDROME Is also known as iddm-med syndrome|med-iddm syndrome|wolcott-rallison syndrome|wrs|early-onset diabetes mellitus with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Low match KAUFMAN OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME; KOS

KAUFMAN OCULOCEREBROFACIAL SYNDROME; KOS Is also known as blepharophimosis-ptosis-intellectual disability syndrome|bpids

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match DIHYDROPYRIMIDINURIA

Dihydropyrimidinase (DPD) deficiency is a very rare pyrimidine metabolism disorder with a variable clinical presentation including gastrointestinal manifestations (feeding problems, cyclic vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, malabsorption with villous atrophy), hypotonia, intellectual deficit, seizures, and less frequently growth retardation, failure to thrive, microcephaly and autism. Asymptomatic cases are also reported. DPD deficiency increases the risk of 5-FU toxicity.

DIHYDROPYRIMIDINURIA Is also known as dihydropyrimidinase deficiency|dph deficiency|dihydropyrimidinuria|dpys deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Growth delay
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 23

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-23 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood onset of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or neurologic symptoms, including hypotonia and delayed psychomotor development. Laboratory investigations are consistent with a defect in mitochondrial function resulting in lactic acidosis, impaired activities of respiratory complexes I and IV, and defective translation of mitochondrial proteins. Brain imaging shows abnormal lesions in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem. The severity of the disorder is variable, ranging from death in early infancy to survival into the second decade (summary by Kopajtich et al., 2014).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (OMIM ).

COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 23 Is also known as coxpd23

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Cognitive impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DEPLETION SYNDROME 12A (CARDIOMYOPATHIC TYPE), AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; MTDPS12A

MTDPS12A is characterized by severe hypotonia due to mitochondrial dysfunction apparent at birth. Affected infants have respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation and have poor or no motor development. Many die in infancy, and those that survive have profound hypotonia with significant muscle weakness and inability to walk independently. Some patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Muscle samples show mtDNA depletion and severe combined mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies (summary by Thompson et al., 2016).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mtDNA depletion syndromes, see MTDPS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscle weakness
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Cardiomyopathy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN