Autoimmunity, and Iris coloboma

DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart. Disturbance of cervical neural crest migration into the derivatives of the pharyngeal arches and pouches can account for the phenotype. Most cases result from a deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (the DiGeorge syndrome chromosome region, or DGCR). Several genes are lost including the putative transcription factor TUPLE1 which is expressed in the appropriate distribution. This deletion may present with a variety of phenotypes: Shprintzen, or velocardiofacial, syndrome (VCFS ); conotruncal anomaly face (or Takao syndrome); and isolated outflow tract defects of the heart including tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. A collective acronym CATCH22 has been proposed for these differing presentations. A small number of cases of DGS have defects in other chromosomes, notably 10p13 (see {601362}). In the mouse, a transgenic Hox A3 (Hox 1.5) knockout produces a phenotype similar to DGS as do the teratogens retinoic acid and alcohol.

DIGEORGE SYNDROME; DGS Is also known as hypoplasia of thymus and parathyroids|chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome|third and fourth pharyngeal pouch syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), also termed 'persistent fetal vasculature,' is a developmental malformation of the eye in which the primary vitreous fails to regress in utero, resulting in the presence of a retrolental fibrovascular membrane with persistence of the posterior portion of the tunica vasculosa lentis and hyaloid artery. This abnormality is usually unilateral and associated with microphthalmia, cataract, glaucoma, and congenital retinal nonattachment (see Haddad et al., 1978; Khaliq et al., 2001; Prasov et al., 2012).PHPV shares phenotypic overlap with Norrie disease (OMIM ). Genetic Heterogeneity of Persistent Hyperplastic Primary VitreousA dominant form of PHPV has been described (PHPVAD ).

PERSISTENT HYPERPLASTIC PRIMARY VITREOUS Is also known as rnanc|persistent fetal vasculature|persistent fetal vasculature syndrome|pfvs|congenital retinal detachment|ncrna disease|retinal nonattachment and falciform detachment|ncrna|phpv|retinal nonattachment, nonsyndromic congenital|non-syndromic congenital ret

• Nystagmus
• Cataract
• Blindness
• Microphthalmia
• Glaucoma

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Progressive retinal dystrophy due to retinol transport defect is a rare, genetic, metabolite absorption and transport disorder characterized by progressive rod-cone dystrophy, usually presenting with impaired night vision in childhood, progressive loss of visual acuity and severe retinol deficiency without keratomalacia. Association with ocular colobomas, severe acne and hypercholesterolemia has been reported.

PROGRESSIVE RETINAL DYSTROPHY DUE TO RETINOL TRANSPORT DEFECT Is also known as retinol dystrophy-iris coloboma-comedogenic acne syndrome

• Cataract
• Visual impairment
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Reduced visual acuity
• Coloboma

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Otodental syndrome is a very rare inherited condition characterized by grossly enlarged canine and molar teeth (globodontia) associated with sensorineural hearing loss.

OTODENTAL SYNDROME Is also known as globodontia|otodental dysplasia|chromosome 11q13 deletion syndrome|otodental syndrome

• Hearing impairment
• Micrognathia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cataract
• Anteverted nares

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Cataract-microcornea syndrome is characterized by the association of congenital cataract and microcornea without any other systemic anomaly or dysmorphism.

• Nystagmus
• Cataract
• Myopia
• Corneal opacity
• Iris coloboma

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Coloboma is an ocular birth defect resulting from abnormal development of the eye during embryogenesis. It is defined as a congenital defect in any ocular tissue, typically presenting as absent tissue or a gap, at a site consistent with aberrant closure of the optic fissure. Failure of fusion can lead to coloboma of 1 or multiple regions of the inferior portion of the eye affecting any part of the globe traversed by the fissure, from the iris to the optic nerve, including the ciliary body, retina, and choroid. Coloboma is also frequently associated with small (microphthalmic) or absent (anophthalmic) eyes as part of an interrelated spectrum of developmental eye anomalies, and can affect either one or both eyes (summary by Kelberman et al., 2014).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of ocular coloboma, see {120200}.

• Nystagmus
• Cataract
• Reduced visual acuity
• Coloboma
• Iris coloboma

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Hearing impairment
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Delayed speech and language development
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Coloboma

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Cataract
• Visual loss
• Reduced visual acuity
• Coloboma
• Retinopathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Mutations in the CRYAA gene have been found to cause multiple types of cataract, which have been described as nuclear, zonular central nuclear, laminar, lamellar, anterior polar, posterior polar, cortical, embryonal, anterior subcapsular, fan-shaped, and total. Cataract associated with microcornea, sometimes called the cataract-microcornea syndrome, is also caused by mutation in the CRYAA gene. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive modes of inheritance have been reported. The symbol CATC1 was formerly used for the autosomal recessive form of cataract caused by mutation in the CRYAA gene.

CATARACT 9, MULTIPLE TYPES; CTRCT9 Is also known as cataract, autosomal recessive congenital 1|cataract, autosomal dominant|catc1|cataract 9, multiple types, with or without microcornea

• Intellectual disability
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Cataract
• Visual impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

• Microphthalmia
• Coloboma
• Oral cleft
• Iris coloboma
• Holoprosencephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN