Autoimmunity, and Alopecia

Generalized vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in patchy depigmentation of skin and hair, and is associated with an elevated risk of other autoimmune diseases. It is a genetically complex disorder involving multiple susceptibility genes and unknown environmental triggers. Patients with generalized vitiligo have elevated frequencies of other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that these diseases involve shared genetic components (summary by Jin et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Vitiligo-Associated Multiple Autoimmune Disease SusceptibilityAdditional forms of vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility have been mapped to chromosomes 1p31 (VAMAS2, {607836}, associated with mutation in the FOXD3 gene, {611539}), 7 (VAMAS3 ), 8 (VAMAS4 ), 4 (VAMAS5 ), and 6p21.3 (VAMAS6 ).

VITILIGO-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1; VAMAS1 Is also known as vtlg|vitiligo|slev1|systemic lupus erythematosus, vitiligo-related

• Anemia
• Alopecia
• Autoimmunity
• Nevus
• Systemic lupus erythematosus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

TCR-alpha-beta-positive T-cell deficiency is a rare, hereditary primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infection, otitis media, candidiasis, diarrhea, as well as various signs and symptoms of immune dysregulation (hypereosinophilia, eczema, vitiligo, alopecia areata, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pityriasis rubra pilaris). Failure to thrive, moderate lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly have also been reported.

TCR-ALPHA-BETA-POSITIVE T-CELL DEFICIENCY Is also known as tcr-alpha/beta deficiency|tcr-alpha-beta+ t-cell deficiency|imd7|immunodeficiency 7

• Failure to thrive
• Diarrhea
• Immunodeficiency
• Recurrent infections
• Alopecia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Common variable immunodeficiency-12 is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections, mainly respiratory, associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. The disorder shows a highly variable age at onset and highly variable disease severity, even within the same family. Some patients have features of autoimmunity (summary by Fliegauf et al., 2015).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of common variable immunodeficiency, see CVID1 (OMIM ).

IMMUNODEFICIENCY, COMMON VARIABLE, 12; CVID12 Is also known as nfkb1 deficiency

• Anemia
• Immunodeficiency
• Recurrent infections
• Thrombocytopenia
• Alopecia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Immunodeficiency due to CD25 deficiency is a rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency due to a defect in adaptive immunity disorder characterized by severe immunodeficiency, presenting with profound susceptibility to viral, fungal and bacterial infections due to impaired CD25-mediated T-regulatory cell function, in association with severe autoimmune disease, such as alopecia universalis, erythrodermia, and autoimmune thyroiditis and enteropathy.

IMMUNODEFICIENCY DUE TO CD25 DEFICIENCY Is also known as cd25 deficiency|interleukin 2 receptor, alpha, deficiency of|interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain deficiency|il2ra deficiency

• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Diarrhea
• Splenomegaly

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY-ENTEROPATHY SPECTRUM Is also known as cid-mia/early-onset ibd

• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Ventricular septal defect
• Immunodeficiency
• Polyhydramnios
• Sparse hair

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Acquired partial lipodystrophy, or Barraquer-Simons syndrome, is characterised by the association of lipoatrophy of the upper part of the body and lipohypertrophy of the thighs.

ACQUIRED PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY Is also known as apld, susceptibility to|progressive cephalothoracic lipodystrophy|barraquer-simons syndrome|lipodystrophy, cephalothoracic type|lipodystrophy, partial, progressive

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertension
• Myopathy

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Common variable immunodeficiency-10 is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency characterized by childhood-onset of recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and decreased numbers of memory and marginal zone B cells. Some patients may develop autoimmune features and have circulating autoantibodies. An unusual feature is central adrenal insufficiency (summary by Chen et al., 2013).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of common variable immunodeficiency, see CVID1 (OMIM ).

IMMUNODEFICIENCY, COMMON VARIABLE, 10; CVID10 Is also known as deficit in anterior pituitary function and variable immunodeficiency|david|immunodeficiency, common variable, with central adrenal insufficiency

• Global developmental delay
• Spasticity
• Gait disturbance
• Dysphagia
• Immunodeficiency

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis syndrome characterized by the association of non-hereditary GI polyposis with the cutaneous triad of alopecia, nail changes and hyperpigmentation.

CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME Is also known as gastrointestinal polyposis-skin pigmentation-alopecia-fingernail changes syndrome|gastrointestinal polyposis-ectodermal changes syndrome|cronkhite-canada syndrome

• Seizures
• Neoplasm
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Cataract

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface molecules that transcend organ-specific boundaries. Tissue deposition of antibodies or immune complexes induces inflammation and subsequent injury of multiple organs and finally results in clinical manifestations of SLE, including glomerulonephritis, dermatitis, thrombosis, vasculitis, seizures, and arthritis. Evidence strongly suggests the involvement of genetic components in SLE susceptibility (summary by Oishi et al., 2008). Genetic Heterogeneity of Systemic Lupus ErythematosusAn autosomal recessive form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLEB16 ) is caused by mutation in the DNASE1L3 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 3p14.3.See MAPPING and MOLECULAR GENETICS sections for a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to SLE.

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Is also known as disseminated lupus erythematosus|sle

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Cognitive impairment
• Anemia
• Fatigue

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Deficiency in anterior pituitary function-variable immunodeficiency syndrome is a rare, genetic endocrine disease characterized by the association of common variable immunodeficiency, manifesting with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent or severe childhood-onset sinopulmonary infections, followed, possibly many years later, by symptomatic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency resulting from anterior pituitary hormone deficiency.

DEFICIENCY IN ANTERIOR PITUITARY FUNCTION-VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME Is also known as david syndrome

• Global developmental delay
• Failure to thrive
• Fatigue
• Alopecia
• Nail dystrophy

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN