Ataxia, and Retrognathia

Medium match HYPOTONIA, ATAXIA, DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY, AND TOOTH ENAMEL DEFECT SYNDROME; HADDTS

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Feeding difficulties
• Delayed speech and language development
• Motor delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 77

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 77 is a rare, pure or complex hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by an infancy to childhood onset of slowly progressive lower limb spasticity, delayed motor milestones, gait disturbances, hyperreflexia and various muscle abnormalities, including weakness, hypotonia, intention tremor and amyotrophy. Ocular abnormalities (e.g. strabismus, ptosis) and other neurological abnormalities, such as dysarthria, seizures and extensor plantar responses, may also be associated.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 77 Is also known as spg77

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match OROFACIODIGITAL SYNDROME XVI; OFD16

OROFACIODIGITAL SYNDROME XVI; OFD16 Is also known as oral-facial-digital syndrome, type xvi|ofds xvi

• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia
• Ptosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match SHORT STATURE, RHIZOMELIC, WITH MICROCEPHALY, MICROGNATHIA, AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY; SRMMD

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 23

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 23 (SPG23) is a rare, complex type of hereditary spastic paraplegia that presents in childhood with progressive spastic paraplegia, associated with peripheral neuropathy, skin pigment abnormalities (i.e. vitiligo, hyperpigmentation, diffuse lentigines), premature graying of hair, and characteristic facies (i.e. thin with ''sharp'' features). The SPG23 phenotype has been mapped to a locus on chromosome 1q24-q32.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 23 Is also known as spastic paraparesis-vitiligo-premature graying-characteristic facies syndrome|lison syndrome|spg23|spastic paraparesis, vitiligo, premature graying, characteristic facies|spastic paraplegia with pigmentary abnormalities

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Micrognathia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Medium match TRICHOTHIODYSTROPHY 4, NONPHOTOSENSITIVE; TTD4

Trichothiodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which patients have brittle, sulfur-deficient hair that displays a diagnostic alternating light and dark banding pattern, called 'tiger tail banding,' under polarizing microscopy. TTD patients display a wide variety of clinical features, including cutaneous, neurologic, and growth abnormalities. Common additional clinical features are ichthyosis, intellectual/developmental disabilities, decreased fertility, abnormal characteristics at birth, ocular abnormalities, short stature, and infections. There are both photosensitive and nonphotosensitive forms of the disorder (summary by Faghri et al., 2008).Sabinas brittle hair syndrome (OMIM ) is another form of nonphotosensitive TTD.For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of trichothiodystrophy, see {601675}.

TRICHOTHIODYSTROPHY 4, NONPHOTOSENSITIVE; TTD4 Is also known as trichothiodystrophy-neurocutaneous syndrome|pollitt syndrome|abhs|trichothiodystrophy, nonphotosensitive 1|bids syndrome|ttdn1|amish brittle hair brain syndrome|hair-brain syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V (ATP SYNTHASE) DEFICIENCY, NUCLEAR TYPE 1; MC5DN1

A distinct group of inborn defects of complex V (ATP synthase) is represented by the enzyme deficiency due to nuclear genome mutations characterized by a selective inhibition of ATP synthase biogenesis. Biochemically, the patients show a generalized decrease in the content of ATP synthase complex which is less than 30% of normal. Most cases present with neonatal-onset hypotonia, lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Many patients die within a few months or years (summary by Mayr et al., 2010). Genetic Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Complex V DeficiencyOther nuclear types of mitochondrial complex V deficiency include MC5DN2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TMEM70 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 8q21; MC5DN3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5E gene (ATP5F1E ) on chromosome 20q13; MC5DN4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5A1 gene (ATP5FA1 ) on chromosome 18q; and MC5DN5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the ATP5D gene (ATP5F1D ) on chromosome 19p13.Mutations in the mitochondrial-encoded MTATP6 (OMIM ) and MTATP8 (OMIM ) genes can also cause mitochondrial complex V deficiency (see, e.g., {551500} and {500003}).

MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V (ATP SYNTHASE) DEFICIENCY, NUCLEAR TYPE 1; MC5DN1 Is also known as mitochondrial complex v (atp synthase) deficiency, atpaf2 type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Medium match ALPERS-HUTTENLOCHER SYNDROME

Alpers Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS) is a cerebrohepatopathy and a rare and severe form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome characterized by the triad of progressive developmental regression, intractable seizures, and hepatic failure.

ALPERS-HUTTENLOCHER SYNDROME Is also known as alpers syndrome|alpers-huttenlocher syndrome|pndc|alpers progressive infantile poliodystrophy|progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease|neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease, progressive|alpers diffuse degeneration

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Medium match PRESYNAPTIC CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES

Myasthenia gravis is a disease that causes weakness in the muscles under your control. It happens because of a problem in communication between your nerves and muscles. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease. Your body's own immune system makes antibodies that block or change some of the nerve signals to your muscles. This makes your muscles weaker. Common symptoms are trouble with eye and eyelid movement, facial expression and swallowing. But it can also affect other muscles. The weakness gets worse with activity, and better with rest. There are medicines to help improve nerve-to-muscle messages and make muscles stronger. With treatment, the muscle weakness often gets much better. Other drugs keep your body from making so many abnormal antibodies. There are also treatments which filter abnormal antibodies from the blood or add healthy antibodies from donated blood. Sometimes surgery to take out the thymus gland helps. For some people, myasthenia gravis can go into remission and they do not need medicines. The remission can be temporary or permanent. If you have myasthenia gravis, it is important to follow your treatment plan. If you do, you can expect your life to be normal or close to it. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Sensorineural hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN