Ataxia, and Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to TMEM70 mutation is characterized by early neonatal onset of hypotonia, hypetrophic cardiomyopathy and apneic spells within hours after birth accompanied by lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.

TMEM70-RELATED MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALO-CARDIO-MYOPATHY Is also known as encephalocardiomyopathy, mitochondrial, neonatal, due to atp synthase deficiency|mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to f1fo atpase deficiency|mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex v defici

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder due to deficient activity of beta-glucocerebrosidase. As a result of this deficiency, there is intracellular accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer, glucosylcerebroside) primarily within cells of mononuclear phagocyte origin, which are the characteristic 'Gaucher cells' identified in most tissues (Jmoudiak and Futerman, 2005).Gaucher disease is classically categorized phenotypically into 3 main subtypes: nonneuronopathic type I, acute neuronopathic type II (OMIM ), and subacute neuronopathic type III (OMIM ). Type I is the most common form of Gaucher disease and lacks primary central nervous system involvement. Types II and III have central nervous system involvement and neurologic manifestations (Knudson and Kaplan, 1962; Jmoudiak and Futerman, 2005).All 3 forms of Gaucher disease are caused by mutation in the GBA gene. There are 2 additional phenotypes which may be distinguished: perinatal lethal Gaucher disease (OMIM ), which is a severe form of type II, and Gaucher disease type IIIC (OMIM ), which also has cardiovascular calcifications.See also {610539} for a form of atypical Gaucher disease caused by mutation in the gene encoding saposin C (PSAP ), which is an activator of beta-glucosidase.

GAUCHER DISEASE, TYPE I Is also known as gd i|glucocerebrosidase deficiency|acid beta-glucosidase deficiency|gba deficiency|gaucher disease, noncerebral juvenile

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive
• Strabismus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase; {EC 1.9.3.1}) is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain and consists of 13 polypeptide subunits, 3 of which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. The 3 mitochondrially encoded proteins in the cytochrome oxidase complex are the actual catalytic subunits that carry out the electron transport function (Saraste, 1983). See {123995} for discussion of some of the nuclear-encoded subunits.Shoubridge (2001) provided a comprehensive review of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and noted that most isolated COX deficiencies are inherited as autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in nuclear-encoded genes; mutations in the mtDNA-encoded COX subunit genes are relatively rare.

ISOLATED CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE DEFICIENCY Is also known as isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex iv deficiency|cox deficiency|isolated cox deficiency|cytochrome c oxidase deficiency

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

3q29 microdeletion syndrome is a recurrent subtelomeric deletion syndrome with variable clinical manifestations including intellectual deficit and dysmorphic features.

3Q29 MICRODELETION SYNDROME Is also known as del(3)(q29)|microdeletion 3q29 syndrome|3q subtelomere deletion syndrome|monosomy 3q29|monosomy 3qter|3qter deletion

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

MERRF (Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers) syndrome is a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy characterized by myoclonic seizures.

MERRF Is also known as fukuhara syndrome|myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibres|merrf syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Combined methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) and homocystinuria is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of cobalamin (cbl; vitamin B12) metabolism. The defect causes decreased levels of the coenzymes adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin (MeCbl), which results in decreased activity of the respective enzymes methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT ) and methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase, also known as methionine synthase (MTR ). Different forms of the disorder have been classified according to complementation groups of cells in vitro: cblC, cblD (OMIM ), cblF (OMIM ), and cblJ (OMIM ).Isolated methylmalonic acidurias have also been classified by complementation groups: MMA 'mut' (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the MUT gene on chromosome 6p21; MMA cblA (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the MMAA gene (OMIM ) on 4q31; and MMA cblB (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the MMAB gene (OMIM ) on 12q24.Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type, is the most common inborn error of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) metabolism, with about 250 known cases (Lerner-Ellis et al., 2006). Affected individuals may have developmental, hematologic, neurologic, metabolic, ophthalmologic, and dermatologic clinical findings. Although considered a disease of infancy or childhood, some individuals develop symptoms in adulthood (Rosenblatt et al., 1997).

METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA, CBLC TYPE; MAHCC Is also known as vitamin b12 metabolic defect with combined deficiency of methylmalonyl-coa mutase and homocysteine:methyltetrahydrofolate methyltransferase|methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, vitamin b12-responsive|methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblc t

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Gaucher disease type 1 is the chronic non-neurological form of Gaucher disease (GD; see this term) characterized by organomegaly, bone involvement and cytopenia.

GAUCHER DISEASE TYPE 1 Is also known as gaucher disease, juvenile and adult, cerebral|gd iii|gaucher disease, chronic neuronopathic type|non-cerebral juvenile gaucher disease|gaucher disease, subacute neuronopathic type

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Gaucher disease type 3 is the subacute neurological form of Gaucher disease (GD; see this term) characterized by progressive encephalopathy and associated with the systemic manifestations (organomegaly, bone involvement, cytopenia) of GD type 1 (see this term).

GAUCHER DISEASE TYPE 3 Is also known as chronic neuronopathic gaucher disease|cerebral juvenile and adult form of gaucher disease|gaucher disease, subacute neuronopathic type

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Gaucher disease type 2 is the acute neurological form of Gaucher disease (GD; see this term). It is characterized by early-onset and severe neurological involvement of the brainstem, associated with an organomegaly and generally leading to death before the age of 2.

GAUCHER DISEASE TYPE 2 Is also known as infantile cerebral gaucher disease|acute neuronopathic gaucher disease

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN