Ataxia, and Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of neural crest cells, the cells that give rise to the sympathetic nervous system, which is observed in children.

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Failure to thrive
• Pain
• Anemia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Nijmegen breakage syndrome is a rare genetic disease presenting at birth with microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, becoming more noticeable with age, growth delay, and later-onset complications such as malignancies and infections.

NIJMEGEN BREAKAGE SYNDROME Is also known as microcephaly-immunodeficiency-lymphoreticuloma syndrome|ataxia-telangiectasia variant v1|microcephaly with normal intelligence, immunodeficiency, and lymphoreticular malignancies|at-v1|berlin breakage syndrome|ataxia-telangiectasia, variant 1|seemanova sy

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

SOTOS SYNDROME 1; SOTOS1 Is also known as chromosome 5q35 deletion syndrome|sotos syndrome|cerebral gigantism

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly malignant central nervous system (CNS) rhabdoid tumor (RT; see this term) found almost exclusively in children.

ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOR Is also known as atrt

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Macrocephaly
• Hydrocephalus

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-4B is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of symptoms in adulthood. It belongs to a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulation of intracellular autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in the brain and other tissues. Several different forms have been described according to age of onset (see, e.g., CLN3, {204200}). Individuals with the adult form, sometimes referred to as Kufs disease, develop psychiatric manifestations, seizures, cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive decline. Retinal degeneration is usually not present (summary by Benitez et al., 2011 and Velinov et al., 2012).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CLN, see CLN1 (OMIM ).

CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS, NEURONAL, 4B, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; CLN4B Is also known as ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, parry type|kufs disease, autosomal dominant

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Dysarthria
• Tremor

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism, and a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. The distinctive facial features consist of a broad forehead, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, a high-arched palate, and low-set, posteriorly rotated ears. Cardiac involvement is present in up to 90% of patients. Pulmonic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are the most common forms of cardiac disease, but a variety of other lesions are also observed. Additional relatively frequent features include multiple skeletal defects (chest and spine deformities), webbed neck, mental retardation, cryptorchidism, and bleeding diathesis (summary by Tartaglia et al., 2002). Genetic Heterogeneity of Noonan SyndromeSee also NS3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the KRAS gene (OMIM ); NS4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SOS1 gene (OMIM ); NS5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RAF1 gene (OMIM ); NS6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the NRAS gene (OMIM ); NS7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the BRAF gene (OMIM ); NS8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RIT1 gene (OMIM ); NS9 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SOS2 gene (OMIM ); and NS10 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the LZTR1 gene (OMIM ).See also NS2 (OMIM ) for a possible autosomal recessive form of NS; Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair-1 (NSLH1 ), caused by mutation in the SHOC2 gene (OMIM ); Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair-2 (NSLH2 ), caused by mutation in the PPP1CB gene (OMIM ); and Noonan syndrome-like disorder with or without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (NSLL ), caused by mutation in the CBL gene (OMIM ).Mutations in the neurofibromin gene (NF1 ), which is the site of mutations causing classic neurofibromatosis type I (NF1 ), have been found in neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS ).

NOONAN SYNDROME 1; NS1 Is also known as female pseudo-turner syndrome|male turner syndrome|noonan syndrome|turner phenotype with normal karyotype

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a tumor-prone disorder characterized by the development of multiple schwannomas and meningiomas.

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 2 Is also known as nf2|bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis|central neurofibromatosis

• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Cataract
• Visual impairment
• Gait disturbance

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a primarily neurological form of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (see this term) characterized by psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia and variable macrocephaly or epilepsy.

L-2-HYDROXYGLUTARIC ACIDURIA Is also known as l-2-hga|l-2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is a rare congenital neurological disorder characterized by abnormal aggregations of nevomelanocytes within the central nervous system (leptomeningeal melanocytosis) associated with large or giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN; see this term). NCM can be asymptomatic or present as variably severe and progressive neurological impairment, sometimes resulting in death.

NEUROCUTANEOUS MELANOCYTOSIS Is also known as neurocutaneous melanosis|neuromelanosis|ncm

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN