Ataxia, and Nephrotic syndrome

Low match FAMILIAL STEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME WITH SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS

Familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness is a rare, genetic coenzyme Q10 deficiency characterized by sensorineural deafness and severe, progressive nephrotic syndrome not responding to steroid treatment. Clinical manifestations include early onset proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema, leading to end-stage renal disease. The renal biopsy reveals focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and diffuse mesangial sclerosis. Rarely, seizures, ataxia and dysmorphic features have been described.

• Seizures
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Abnormal facial shape

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match CAMOS SYNDROME

CAMOS syndrome is characterised by the association of a non-progressive congenital ataxia, severe intellectual deficit, optic atrophy and structural anomalies of the skin vessels. It has been described in five children from a large consanguineous Lebanese family. Short stature and microcephaly were also reported. Transmission is autosomal recessive.

CAMOS SYNDROME Is also known as scar5|cerebellar ataxia-intellectual disability-optic atrophy-skin abnormalities syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match GALLOWAY-MOWAT SYNDROME 5; GAMOS5

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism and ear abnormalities. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual or hearing impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match ACTION MYOCLONUS-RENAL FAILURE SYNDROME

Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF) is a rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by progressive myoclonus epilepsy in association with primary glomerular disease. Patients present with neurologic symptoms (including tremor, action myoclonus, tonic-clonic seizures, later ataxia and dysarthria) that may precede, occur simultaneously or be followed by renal manifestations including proteinuria that progresses to nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease. In some patients, sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss and dilated cardiomyopathy are associated symptoms.

ACTION MYOCLONUS-RENAL FAILURE SYNDROME Is also known as myoclonus-nephropathy syndrome|progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 4|epm4|amrf|action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Anemia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match GALLOWAY-MOWAT SYNDROME 2, X-LINKED; GAMOS2

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match FAMILIAL STEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME WITH ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

NPHS14 is an autosomal recessive syndromic form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with multisystemic manifestations. Most affected individuals present in infancy or early childhood with progressive renal dysfunction associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and resulting in end-stage renal disease within a few years. Other infants present with primary adrenal insufficiency. Some patients present in utero with fetal hydrops and fetal demise. Additional features of the disorder can include ichthyosis, acanthosis, adrenal insufficiency, immunodeficiency, and neurologic defects (summary by Prasad et al., 2017 and Lovric et al., 2017).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome and FSGS, see NPHS1 (OMIM ).

FAMILIAL STEROID-RESISTANT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME WITH ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Is also known as primary adrenal insufficiency-steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to sgpl1 deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match CEDNIK SYNDROME

CEDNIK syndrome is a neurocutaneaous syndrome characterized by severe developmental abnormalities of the nervous system and aberrant differentiation of the epidermis.

CEDNIK SYNDROME Is also known as cerebral dysgenesis-neuropathy-ichthyosis-palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome|cednik syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, CANTAGREL TYPE

X-linked Mental retardation Cantagrel type is characterised by marked neonatal hypotonia, progressive quadriparesia, severely delayed developmental milestones (walking at 3 years of age), gastroesophageal reflux, stereotypic movements of the hands, esotropia and infantile autism.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match INFANTILE SIALIC ACID STORAGE DISEASE; ISSD

Sialic acid storage diseases are autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders that may present as a severe infantile form (ISSD) or as a slowly progressive adult form that is prevalent in Finland (Salla disease). The main symptoms are hypotonia, cerebellar ataxia, and mental retardation; visceromegaly and coarse features are also present in the infantile cases. Progressive cerebellar atrophy and dysmyelination have been documented by MRI. Enlarged lysosomes are seen on electron microscopic studies, and patients excrete large amounts of free sialic acid in the urine (Verheijen et al., 1999).

INFANTILE SIALIC ACID STORAGE DISEASE; ISSD Is also known as nsd|sialuria, infantile form|n-acetylneuraminic acid storage disease|nana storage disease

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match COENZYME Q10 DEFICIENCY, PRIMARY, 1; COQ10D1

Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a rare, clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in any of the genes encoding proteins directly involved in the synthesis of coenzyme Q (review by Quinzii and Hirano, 2011). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), or ubiquinone, is a mobile lipophilic electron carrier critical for electron transfer by the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory chain (Duncan et al., 2009).The disorder has been associated with 5 major phenotypes, but the molecular basis has not been determined in most patients with the disorder and there are no clear genotype/phenotype correlations. The phenotypes include an encephalomyopathic form with seizures and ataxia (Ogasahara et al., 1989); a multisystem infantile form with encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy and renal failure (Rotig et al., 2000); a predominantly cerebellar form with ataxia and cerebellar atrophy (Lamperti et al., 2003); Leigh syndrome with growth retardation (van Maldergem et al., 2002); and an isolated myopathic form (Lalani et al., 2005). The correct diagnosis is important because some patients may show a favorable response to CoQ10 treatment. Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Coenzyme Q10 DeficiencySee also COQ10D2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDSS1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 10p12; COQ10D3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PDSS2 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 6q21; COQ10D4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ8 gene (ADCK3 ) on chromosome 1q42; COQ10D5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ9 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16q21; COQ10D6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ6 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 14q24; COQ10D7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ4 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9q34; and COQ10D8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the COQ7 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16p13.Secondary CoQ10 deficiency has been reported in association with glutaric aciduria type IIC (MADD ), caused by mutation in the ETFDH gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 4q, and with ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome-1 (AOA1 ), caused by mutation in the APTX gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 9p13.

COENZYME Q10 DEFICIENCY, PRIMARY, 1; COQ10D1 Is also known as ubiquinone deficiency 1|coq10 deficiency, primary, 1|coq deficiency 1|coenzyme q deficiency 1

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN