Ataxia, and Lymphadenopathy

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is a lymph node cancer of germinal center B-cell origin. Hodgkin lymphoma tumors consist of a minority of malignant cells, known as 'Reed-Sternberg' (RS) cells, mixed with reactive lymphocytes and other benign inflammatory cells. A defining feature of RS cells is the presence of 2 nuclei (summary by Salipante et al., 2009).

LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN, CLASSIC; CHL Is also known as hodgkin disease

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2 (FHL2) is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune dysregulation with onset in infancy or early childhood. It is characterized clinically by fever, edema, hepatosplenomegaly, and liver dysfunction. Neurologic impairment, seizures, and ataxia are frequent. Laboratory studies show pancytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, hypofibrinogenemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. There is increased production of cytokines, such as gamma-interferon (IFNG ) and TNF-alpha (OMIM ), by hyperactivation and proliferation of T cells and macrophages. Activity of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells is reduced, consistent with a defect in cellular cytotoxicity. Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver show features of hemophagocytosis. Chemotherapy and/or immunosuppressant therapy may result in symptomatic remission, but the disorder is fatal without bone marrow transplantation (summary by Dufourcq-Lagelouse et al., 1999, Stepp et al., 1999, and Molleran Lee et al., 2004).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of FHL, see {267700}.

HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 2; FHL2 Is also known as hplh2|hlh2

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

A congenital disease caused by an inborn error involving APOLIPOPROTEINS E leading to abnormal LIPID METABOLISM and the accumulation of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, particularly SPHINGOMYELINS in the HISTIOCYTES. This disorder is characterized by SPLENOMEGALY and the sea-blue histiocytes in the spleen and bone marrow after May Grunwald staining.

SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTOSIS Is also known as sea-blue histiocytosis|histiocytosis, sea-blue

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Hepatomegaly
• Gait disturbance

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Legionnaire disease (LD) is a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, a flagellated gram-negative bacterium found primarily in warm water environments. The disease and the bacterium were discovered following an outbreak traced to a 1976 American Legion convention in Philadelphia. A number of risk factors for acquiring LD have been identified, including age, smoking, chronic lung disease, cancer, and immunosuppression (summary by Hawn et al., 2003).

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) is an immune complex-mediated small vessel vasculitis characterized by urticaria and hypocomplementemia (low C1q with or without low C3 and C4), and usually associated with circulating anti-C1q autoantibodies. Arthritis, pulmonary disease, ocular inflammation, and glomerulonephritis are common systemic manifestations.

HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIC URTICARIAL VASCULITIS Is also known as mac duffie syndrome|mac duffie hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis|anti-c1q vasculitis|mcduffie hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis|mcduffie syndrome

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by increased radiosensitivity(R), mild immunodeficiency (ID), dysmorphic features (D), and learning difficulties (LE).

RIDDLE SYNDROME Is also known as rnf168 deficiency|radiosensitivity-immunodeficiency-dysmorphic features-learning difficulties syndrome|radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, dysmorphic features, and learning difficulties

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Vasculitis due to ADA2 deficiency is a rare, genetic, systemic and rheumatologic disease due to adenosine deaminase-2 inactivating mutations, combining variable features of autoinflammation, vasculitis, and a mild immunodeficiency. Variable clinical presentation includes chronic or recurrent systemic inflammation with fever, livedo reticularis or racemosa, early-onset ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, variable cytopenia and immunoglobulin deficiency.

VASCULITIS DUE TO ADA2 DEFICIENCY Is also known as ada2 deficiency|vasculitis due to dada2

• Ataxia
• Pain
• Anemia
• Hypertension
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Zur Stadt et al. (2005) summarized the clinical features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by massive infiltration of several organs by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. The clinical features of the disease include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and less frequently central nervous system involvement. In FHL, the familial form of the disease, first episodes occur mostly during infancy, with a rapidly fatal outcome if untreated. Diagnostic criteria also include low fibrinogen and high triglyceride and ferritin levels. Chemoimmunotherapy based on corticosteroids, epipodophyllotoxins, and cyclosporin succeeds in controlling the disease in the majority of patients, although remission is rarely obtained (Henter et al., 2002). Most patients suffer an early death unless they are treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Durken et al., 1999). Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Hemophagocytic LymphohistiocytosisFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis exhibits genetic heterogeneity. In some families, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has been found to be linked to chromosome 9q (HPLH1, FHL1). FHL2 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the PRF1 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 10q22; FHL3 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the UNC13D gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q25; FHL4 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the syntaxin-11 gene (STX11 ) on chromosome 6q24; and FHL5 (OMIM ) is caused by mutation in the syntaxin-binding protein-2 (STXBP2 ), which is an interaction partner of STX11, on chromosome 19p13.Furthermore, before the identification of mutations in the RAG1 (OMIM ) and RAG2 (OMIM ) genes, both of which map to 11p, Omenn syndrome (familial reticuloendotheliosis with eosinophilia; {603554}) was not thought to be clearly distinct from other reported cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS, FAMILIAL, 1; FHL1 Is also known as hemophagocytic reticulosis, familial|hlh1|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial|erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial|reticulosis, familial histiocytic|hplh1|fhl|fhlh|hplh|fel

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

GRISCELLI SYNDROME, TYPE 2; GS2 Is also known as partial albinism and immunodeficiency syndrome|griscelli syndrome with hemophagocytic syndrome|paid syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Ataxia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal cells in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid tissues, and associated with the production of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein.

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Anemia
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN