Ataxia, and Infertility

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 32 (SCA32) is a subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ADCA type 1; see this term) characterized by ataxia, cognitive impairment and azoospermia in males.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 32 Is also known as cerebellar ataxia with azoospermia and intellectual disability|sca32

• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Cerebellar atrophy
• Infertility
• Progressive cerebellar ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Boucher-Neuhauser syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized classically by the triad of spinocerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and visual impairment due to chorioretinal dystrophy. The age at onset is variable, but most patients develop one or more symptoms in the first decade of life. Chorioretinal dystrophy may not always be present. BNHS is part of a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases associated with mutations in the PNPLA6 gene that also includes spastic paraplegia-39 (SPG39 ) (summary by Synofzik et al., 2014).See also Gordon Holmes syndrome (GDHS ), caused by mutation in the RNF216 gene (OMIM ), which is also characterized by the combination of cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

BOUCHER-NEUHAUSER SYNDROME; BNHS Is also known as spinocerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and chorioretinal dystrophy

• Ataxia
• Spasticity
• Cognitive impairment
• Visual impairment
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Gordon Holmes syndrome is an autosomal recessive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, dementia, and variable movement disorders, such as ataxia and chorea. The neurologic phenotype is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (summary by Santens et al., 2015).

GORDON HOLMES SYNDROME; GDHS Is also known as cahh|cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism|luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, deficiency of, with ataxia|lhrh deficiency and ataxia

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Dysarthria
• Abnormality of the skeletal system
• Cerebellar atrophy

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Tyrosinemia type 2 is an inborn error of tyrosine metabolism characterized by hypertyrosinemia with oculocutaneous manifestations and, in some cases, intellectual deficit.

TYROSINEMIA TYPE 2 Is also known as tyrosinemia due to tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency|keratosis palmoplantaris with corneal dystrophy|tyrosinemia due to tat deficiency|tyrosine transaminase deficiency|tyrosinosis, oculocutaneous type|tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency|keratosis palm

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Microcephaly
• Ataxia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Kennedy disease is an X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. It occurs only in men. Age at onset is usually in the third to fifth decade of life, but earlier involvement has been reported. The disorder is characterized by slowly progressive limb and bulbar muscle weakness with fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and gynecomastia (Harding et al., 1982). The disorder is clinically similar to, but genetically distinct from, classic forms of autosomal spinal muscular atrophy (see, e.g., SMA1; {253300}).

SPINAL AND BULBAR MUSCULAR ATROPHY, X-LINKED 1; SMAX1 Is also known as kd|bulbospinal neuronopathy, x-linked recessive|xbsn|spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy|kennedy disease|bulbospinal muscular atrophy, x-linked|sbma|kennedy spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Muscular hypotonia
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Perrault syndrome (PS) is characterized by the association of ovarian dysgenesis in females with sensorineural hearing impairment. In more recent PS reports, some authors have described neurologic abnormalities, notably progressive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual deficit.

PERRAULT SYNDROME Is also known as ovarian dysgenesis with sensorineural deafness|gonadal dysgenesis, xx type, with deafness|xx gonodal dysgenesis-deafness syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 46 (SPG46) is a rare, complex type of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by an onset, in infancy or childhood, of the typical signs of spastic paraplegia (i.e. spastic gait and weakness of the lower limbs) associated with a variety of additional manifestations including upper limb spasticity and weakness, pseudobulbar dysarthria, bladder dysfunction, cerebellar ataxia, cataracts, and cognitive impairment that can progress to dementia. Brain imaging may show thinning of the corpus callosum and mild atrophy of the cerebrum and cerebellum. SPG46 is due to mutations in the GBA2 gene (9p13.2) encoding non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase.

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA TYPE 46 Is also known as spg46

• Intellectual disability
• Hearing impairment
• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Juvenile Huntington disease (JHD) is a form of Huntington disease (HD; see this term), characterized by onset of signs and symptoms before 20 years of age.

JUVENILE HUNTINGTON DISEASE Is also known as huntington chorea|jhd|juvenile huntington chorea

• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Anemia
• Delayed speech and language development

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD) is a rare form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY; see this term) characterized clinically by heterogeneous cystic renal disease and early-onset familial non-autoimmune diabetes. Pancreatic atrophy, liver dysfunction and genital tract anomalies are also features of the syndrome.

RENAL CYSTS AND DIABETES SYNDROME Is also known as renal dysfunction-early-onset diabetes syndrome|mody5|fjhn, atypical|cakut with diabetes|maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 5|renal cysts-maturity-onset diabetes of the young syndrome|congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract with diabe

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), is a multifactorial disorder of the small intestine that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins (summary by Farrell and Kelly, 2002). Long regarded as gastrointestinal disorder of childhood, the disease is now considered to be a chronic systemic autoimmune disease and is more often diagnosed in adults than in children (Monsuur et al., 2005).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of celiac disease, see MAPPING.

CELIAC DISEASE, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 1; CELIAC1 Is also known as celiac sprue, susceptibility to, 1|gluten-sensitive enteropathy, susceptibility to, 1

• Seizures
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive
• Anemia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN