Ataxia, and Hypotension

Low match PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET; PD

Parkinson disease was first described by James Parkinson in 1817. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease (AD ), affecting approximately 1% of the population over age 50 (Polymeropoulos et al., 1996). ReviewsWarner and Schapira (2003) reviewed the genetic and environmental causes of Parkinson disease. Feany (2004) reviewed the genetics of Parkinson disease and provided a speculative model of interactions among proteins implicated in PD. Lees et al. (2009) provided a review of Parkinson disease, with emphasis on diagnosis, neuropathology, and treatment. Genetic Heterogeneity of Parkinson DiseaseSeveral loci for autosomal dominant Parkinson disease have been identified, including PARK1 (OMIM ) and PARK4, caused by mutation in or triplication of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA ), respectively, on 4q22; PARK5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the UCHL1 gene on 4p13; PARK8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the LRRK2 gene (OMIM ) on 12q12; PARK11 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the GIGYF2 gene (OMIM ) on 2q37; PARK13 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the HTRA2 gene (OMIM ) on 2p13; PARK17 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the VPS35 gene (OMIM ) on 16q11; and PARK18 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the EIF4G1 gene (OMIM ) on 3q27.Several loci for autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease have been identified: PARK2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the gene encoding parkin (PARK2 ) on 6q26; PARK6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PINK1 gene (OMIM ) on 1p36; PARK7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the DJ1 gene (PARK7 ) on 1p36; PARK14 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the PLA2G6 gene (OMIM ) on 22q13; PARK15 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the FBXO7 gene (OMIM ) on 22q12-q13; PARK19A (OMIM ) and PARK19B (see {615528}), caused by mutation in the DNAJC6 gene (OMIM ) on 1p32; and PARK20 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the SYNJ1 gene (OMIM ) on 21q22.PARK3 (OMIM ) has been mapped to chromosome 2p13; PARK10 (OMIM ) has been mapped to chromosome 1p34-p32; PARK16 (OMIM ) has been mapped to chromosome 1q32. See also PARK21 (OMIM ). A locus on the X chromosome has been identified (PARK12 ). There is also evidence that mitochondrial mutations may cause or contribute to Parkinson disease (see {556500}). Susceptibility to the development of the more common late-onset form of Parkinson disease has been associated with polymorphisms or mutations in several genes, including GBA (OMIM ), MAPT (OMIM ), MC1R (OMIM ), ADH1C (OMIM ), and genes at the HLA locus (see, e.g., HLA-DRA, {142860}). Each of these risk factors independently may have a modest effect on disease development, but together may have a substantial cumulative effect (Hamza et al., 2010).Susceptibility to PD may also be conferred by expanded trinucleotide repeats in several genes causing other neurologic disorders usually characterized by spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), including the ATXN2 (OMIM ), ATXN3 (OMIM ), TBP (OMIM ), and ATXN8OS (OMIM ) genes.

PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET; PD Is also known as park

• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Dysarthria
• Tremor
• Dysphagia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, PARKINSONIAN TYPE

Multiple system atrophy, parkinsonian type (MSA-p) is a form of multiple system atrophy (MSA; see this term) with predominant parkinsonian features (bradykinesia, rigidity, irregular jerky postural tremor, and postural instability).

MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, PARKINSONIAN TYPE Is also known as msa-p|msa, parkinsonian type

• Dysarthria
• Depressivity
• Constipation
• Gait ataxia
• Rigidity

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, CEREBELLAR TYPE

Multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type (MSA-c) is a form of multiple system atrophy (MSA; see this term) with predominant cerebellar features (gait and limb ataxia, oculomotor dysfunction, and dysarthria).

MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, CEREBELLAR TYPE Is also known as sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy type 1|msa, cerebellar type|sporadic opca type 1|msa-c

• Dysarthria
• Depressivity
• Constipation
• Gait ataxia
• Rigidity

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 34

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 (SCA34) is a subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I (ADCA type I; see this term), characterized by papulosquamous, ichthyosiform plaques on the limbs appearing shortly after birth and later manifestations including progressive ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus and decreased reflexes.

SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 34 Is also known as erythrokeratodermia with ataxia|sca34|spinocerebellar ataxia and erythrokeratodermia

• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Strabismus
• Spasticity
• Hyperreflexia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match HYDROXYKYNURENINURIA

Encephalopathy due to hydroxykynureninuria is characterised by psychomotor retardation and nonprogressive encephalopathy associated with urinary excretion of large amounts of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and xanthurenic acid. It has been described in less than 30 patients. Other manifestations may include muscular hypertonia, headaches and stereotyped gestures. This disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by a defect in kynureninase, an enzyme of the tryptophane catabolic pathway.

HYDROXYKYNURENINURIA Is also known as kynureninase deficiency, partial|kynureninase deficiency|xanthurenic aciduria

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Low match PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY, CONGENITAL CATARACTS, AND NEURODEGENERATION SYNDROME; LCCNS

PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY, CONGENITAL CATARACTS, AND NEURODEGENERATION SYNDROME; LCCNS Is also known as lipodystrophy, partial, with congenital cataracts and neurodegeneration

• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Micrognathia
• Cataract
• Babinski sign

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match NEUROFERRITINOPATHY

Neuroferritinopathy is a late-onset type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA; see this term) characterized by progressive chorea or dystonia and subtle cognitive deficits.

NEUROFERRITINOPATHY Is also known as neuroferritinopathy|ferritin-related neurodegeneration|hereditary ferritinopathy|adult basal ganglia disease|basal ganglia disease, adult-onset

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match ADULT-ONSET AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT LEUKODYSTROPHY

Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a rare slowly progressive neurological disorder involving centralnervous systemdemyelination, leading to autonomic dysfunction,ataxia and mild cognitive impairment.

ADULT-ONSET AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT LEUKODYSTROPHY Is also known as adld|adult-onset autosomal dominant demyelinating leukodystrophy|pelizaeus-merzbacher disease, autosomal dominant or late-onset type, formerly

• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Spasticity

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match LEGIONNAIRE DISEASE, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO

Legionnaire disease (LD) is a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, a flagellated gram-negative bacterium found primarily in warm water environments. The disease and the bacterium were discovered following an outbreak traced to a 1976 American Legion convention in Philadelphia. A number of risk factors for acquiring LD have been identified, including age, smoking, chronic lung disease, cancer, and immunosuppression (summary by Hawn et al., 2003).

• Ataxia
• Neoplasm
• Muscle weakness
• Pain
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY, ADULT FORM

METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY, ADULT FORM Is also known as arylsulfatase a deficiency, adult form|mld, adult form

• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Muscle weakness
• Spasticity
• Dysarthria

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN