Ataxia, and Hypoglycemia

Low match TREMOR, HEREDITARY ESSENTIAL, 1; ETM1

Essential tremor may be the most common human movement disorder. The main feature of essential tremor is postural tremor of the arms, but the head, legs, trunk, voice, jaw, and facial muscles also may be involved. Aggravated by emotions, hunger, fatigue, and temperature extremes, the condition may cause a functional disability or even incapacitation. Autosomal dominant inheritance can be demonstrated in most families (summary by Higgins et al., 1997).Deng et al. (2007) provided a detailed review of the genetics of essential tremor. Genetic Heterogeneity of Essential TremorOther forms of hereditary essential tremor include ETM2 (OMIM ), mapped to chromosome 2p25-p22; ETM3 (OMIM ), mapped to chromosome 6p23; ETM4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the FUS gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 16p11; and ETM5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TENM4 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q14.

TREMOR, HEREDITARY ESSENTIAL, 1; ETM1 Is also known as fet1|tremor, familial essential, 1

• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Cognitive impairment
• Dysarthria
• Fever

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match OXOGLUTARIC ACIDURIA

Oxoglutaric aciduria is a very rare tricarboxylic acid cycle disorder (see this term), resulting from a deficiency in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (one of the three subunits of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex), that most often presents in the neonatal period with hypotonia, severe encephalopathy, extrapyramidal signs, pyramidal tract dysfunction and seizures and that frequently results in death in early childhood. Metabolic acidosis, elevated lactate and glutamate levels and variable degrees of glutaric aciduria are noted. Sudden death, myocardiopathy, and hepatic disorders have also been reported in some cases.

OXOGLUTARIC ACIDURIA Is also known as 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency|alpha-kgd deficiency|oxoglutaric aciduria|alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match HYPOGLYCEMIA, LEUCINE-INDUCED; LIH

HYPOGLYCEMIA, LEUCINE-INDUCED; LIH Is also known as leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia of infancy

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Ataxia
• Strabismus
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Low match POLYENDOCRINE-POLYNEUROPATHY SYNDROME

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Hearing impairment
• Ataxia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match CLASSIC GALACTOSEMIA

Classic galactosemia is a life-threatening metabolic disease with onset in the neonatal period. Infants usually develop feeding difficulties, lethargy, and severe liver disease.

CLASSIC GALACTOSEMIA Is also known as galt deficiency|galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency|galactosemia type 1

• Intellectual disability
• Ataxia
• Failure to thrive
• Cataract
• Feeding difficulties

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH ATAXIA

Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA) is characterized by severe early onset (before the age of three years) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with conduction defects (long QT syndrome), non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, testicular dysgenesis, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH ATAXIA Is also known as mga5|dcma|3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5|cardiomyopathy, dilated, with ataxia|mga, type v|dcma syndrome

• Intellectual disability
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET MESH OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match FATAL INFANTILE LACTIC ACIDOSIS WITH METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA

Fatal infantile lactic acidosis with methylmalonic aciduria is a rare neurometabolic disease characterized by infantile onset of severe encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and elevated methylmalonic acid urinary excretion. Clinically it manifests with severe psychomotor delay, hypotonia, failure to thrive, feeding difficulties and dystonia. Epilepsy and multiple congenital anomalies may be associated.

FATAL INFANTILE LACTIC ACIDOSIS WITH METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA Is also known as lactic acidosis, fatal infantile, formerly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MITOCHONDRIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH LACTIC ACIDOSIS DUE TO MTO1 DEFICIENCY

Mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis due to MTO1 deficiency is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder with complex I and IV deficiency characterized by lactic acidosis, hypotonia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and global developmental delay. Other clinical features include feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, seizures, optic atrophy and ataxia.

MITOCHONDRIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH LACTIC ACIDOSIS DUE TO MTO1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic mitochondrial, and lactic acidosis|coxpd10|combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 10

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DEPLETION SYNDROME 4B (MNGIE TYPE); MTDPS4B

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-4B is an autosomal recessive progressive multisystem disorder clinically characterized by chronic gastrointestinal dysmotility and pseudoobstruction, cachexia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), axonal sensory ataxic neuropathy, and muscle weakness (van Goethem et al., 2003).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive mtDNA depletion syndromes, see MTDPS1 (OMIM ).

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DEPLETION SYNDROME 4B (MNGIE TYPE); MTDPS4B Is also known as mngie, polg-related|mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome, polg-related

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, MITOCHONDRIAL, WITH ABNORMAL MOVEMENTS AND LACTIC ACIDOSIS, WITH OR WITHOUT SEIZURES; NEMMLAS

NEMMLAS is an autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and abnormal motor function, including hypotonia, dystonia, ataxia, and spasticity. Patient tissues may show deficiencies in one or more of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes, but this is not a constant finding (summary by Wortmann et al., 2017).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN