Ataxia, and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Low match SARCOSINEMIA

Sarcosinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increased concentration of sarcosine in plasma and urine due to sarcosine dehydrogenase deficiency.

SARCOSINEMIA Is also known as sard deficiency|sardhd|sarcosine dehydrogenase complex deficiency|sardh deficiency|hypersarcosinemia

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Muscular hypotonia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, SELCEN TYPE

Selcen type muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive limb and axial muscle weakness associated with cardiomyopathy and severe respiratory insufficiency during adolescence. The disease manifests during childhood and progresses rapidly.

• Scoliosis
• Muscle weakness
• Flexion contracture
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Abnormality of the skeletal system

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MITOCHONDRIAL DNA-RELATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND HEARING LOSS

Maternally inherited cardiomyopathy and hearing loss is a mitochondrial disease described in two unrelated families to date that has a heterogeneous clinical presentation characterized by the association of progressive sensorineural hearing loss with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and, in the majority of cases, encephalomyopathy symptoms such as ataxia, slurred speech, progressive external opthalmoparesis (PEO), muscle weakness, myalgia, and exercise intolerance.

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA-RELATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND HEARING LOSS Is also known as mtdna-related cardiomyopathy and hearing loss|trna-lys-related cardiomyopathy-hearing loss syndrome|maternally-inherited cardiomyopathy and deafness

• Ataxia
• Sensorineural hearing impairment
• Muscle weakness
• Hypertension
• Peripheral neuropathy

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match MULTIPLE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTIONS SYNDROME 2 WITH HYPERGLYCINEMIA; MMDS2

Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-2 (MMDS2) with hyperglycinemia is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental regression in infancy. Affected children have an encephalopathic disease course with seizures, spasticity, loss of head control, and abnormal movement. Additional more variable features include optic atrophy, cardiomyopathy, and leukodystrophy. Laboratory studies show increased serum glycine and lactate. Most patients die in childhood. The disorder represents a form of 'variant' nonketotic hyperglycinemia and is distinct from classic nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH, or GCE; {605899}), which is characterized by significantly increased CSF glycine. Several forms of 'variant' NKH, including MMDS2, appear to result from defects of mitochondrial lipoate biosynthesis (summary by Baker et al., 2014).For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome, see MMDS1 (OMIM ).

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match MITOCHONDRIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH LACTIC ACIDOSIS DUE TO MTO1 DEFICIENCY

Mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with lactic acidosis due to MTO1 deficiency is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder with complex I and IV deficiency characterized by lactic acidosis, hypotonia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and global developmental delay. Other clinical features include feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, seizures, optic atrophy and ataxia.

MITOCHONDRIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH LACTIC ACIDOSIS DUE TO MTO1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as cardiomyopathy, infantile hypertrophic mitochondrial, and lactic acidosis|coxpd10|combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 10

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match LEIGH SYNDROME WITH LEUKODYSTROPHY

LEIGH SYNDROME WITH LEUKODYSTROPHY Is also known as leigh disease with leukodystrophy|infantile subacute necrotizing encephalopathy with leukodystrophy

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Hearing impairment
• Nystagmus
• Failure to thrive

SOURCES: ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match FATAL MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE DUE TO COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 3

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 3 is an extremely rare clinically heterogenous disorder described in about 5 patients to date. Clinical signs included hypotonia, lactic acidosis, and hepatic insufficiency, with progressive encephalomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

FATAL MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE DUE TO COMBINED OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION DEFECT TYPE 3 Is also known as fatal mitochondrial disease due to coxpd3|encephalomyopathy, respiratory failure, and lactic acidosis|concentric cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, and lactic acidosis

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Growth delay

SOURCES: OMIM MESH ORPHANET MENDELIAN

Low match ATAXIA WITH VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY

Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a neurodegenerative disease belonging to the inherited cerebellar ataxias. It is mainly characterized by progressive spino-cerebellar ataxia, loss of proprioception, areflexia, and is associated with a marked deficiency in vitamin E.

ATAXIA WITH VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY Is also known as familial isolated vitamin e deficiency|aved|ataxia with isolated vitamin e deficiency|isolated vitamin e deficiency|friedreich-like ataxia|ataxia, friedreich-like, with selective vitamin e deficiency

• Scoliosis
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Muscle weakness
• Spasticity

SOURCES: MESH ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match HSD10 MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE; HSD10MD

HSD10 mitochondrial disease most commonly presents as an X-linked neurodegenerative disorder with highly variable severity and age at onset ranging from the neonatal period to early childhood. The features are usually multisystemic, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Some affected males have a severe infantile form associated with cardiomyopathy that may result in death in early childhood, whereas other rare patients may have juvenile onset or even atypical presentations with normal neurologic development. More severely affected males show developmental regression in infancy or early childhood, often associated with early-onset intractable seizures, progressive choreoathetosis and spastic tetraplegia, optic atrophy or retinal degeneration resulting in visual loss, and mental retardation. Heterozygous females may show non-progressive developmental delay and intellectual disability, but may also be clinically normal. Although the diagnosis can be aided by the observation of increased urinary levels of metabolites of isoleucine breakdown (2-methyl-3 hydroxybutyrate and tiglylglycine), there is not a correlation between these laboratory features and the phenotype. In addition, patients do not develop severe metabolic crises in the neonatal period as observed in other organic acidurias, but may show persistent lactic acidosis, most likely reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction (summary by Rauschenberger et al., 2010; review by Zschocke, 2012).In a review of the disorder, Zschocke (2012) noted that although this disorder was originally thought to be an inborn error of branched-chain fatty acid and isoleucine metabolism resulting from decreased HSD17B10 dehydrogenase activity (HSD17B10 'deficiency'), subsequent studies have shown that the HSD17B10 gene product has additional functions and also acts as a component of the mitochondrial RNase P holoenzyme, which is involved in mitochondrial tRNA processing and maturation and ultimately mitochondrial protein synthesis. The multisystemic features of HSD10MD most likely result from the adverse effect of HSD17B10 mutations on mitochondrial function, rather than from the effects on the dehydrogenase activity (see PATHOGENESIS below).

HSD10 MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE; HSD10MD Is also known as hsd17b10 deficiency|mhbd deficiency|2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency|camr|mental retardation with chorioathetosis and abnormal behavior|mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic 10|17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase x deficiency|chor

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment

SOURCES: ORPHANET OMIM MENDELIAN

Low match DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; DLDD

DLD deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized biochemically by a combined deficiency of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDC). This is the result of E3 being a common component of all 3 mitochondrial multienzyme complexes. Clinically, affected individuals have lactic acidosis and neurologic deterioration due to sensitivity of the central nervous system to defects in oxidative metabolism. E3 deficiency is often associated with increased urinary excretion of alpha-keto acids, such as pyruvate (summary by Hong et al., 1996). E3 deficiency can also be associated with increased concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, as observed in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD ), and is sometimes referred to as 'MSUD type III,' although patients with E3 deficiency have additional biochemical defects (Chuang and Shih, 2001; Robinson, 2001).

DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; DLDD Is also known as maple syrup urine disease, type iii|e3 deficiency|lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency, lactic acidosis due to|dld deficiency

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Hearing impairment
• Microcephaly

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN