Ataxia, and Frontal bossing

• Intellectual disability
• Generalized hypotonia
• Feeding difficulties
• Delayed speech and language development
• Motor delay

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

JBTS32 is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and postaxial polydactyly. Brain imaging shows cerebellar abnormalities consistent with the molar tooth sign (MTS) (summary by De Mori et al., 2017).For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see JBTS1 (OMIM ).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Sclerosteosis is a severe sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by progressive skeletal overgrowth. Syndactyly is a variable manifestation. The disorder is rare and the majority of affected individuals have been reported in the Afrikaner population of South Africa (summary by Brunkow et al., 2001).For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of sclerosteosis, see SOST1 (OMIM ).

• Hearing impairment
• Hypertelorism
• Macrocephaly
• Gait disturbance
• Frontal bossing

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome-26 is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by global developmental delay associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and variable additional abnormalities, including hypotonia and possibly pituitary abnormalities (summary by Sanders et al., 2015).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Global developmental delay
• Short stature
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia
• Hypertelorism

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Joubert syndrome is characterized by a specific hindbrain formation, hypotonia, cerebellar ataxia, dysregulated breathing patterns, and developmental delay. Ciliary dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis (Coene et al., 2009).For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Joubert syndrome, see {213300}.

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM MESH MENDELIAN

Brachydactyly type E (BDE) is a congenital malformation of the digits characterized by variable shortening of the metacarpals with more or less normal length phalanges, although the terminal phalanges are often short.

BRACHYDACTYLY TYPE E Is also known as bde|brachydactyly, type e

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Nystagmus
• Cataract

SOURCES: MESH OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN

X-linked intellectual deficit-cerebellar hypoplasia, also known as OPHN1 syndrome, is a rare syndromic form of cerebellar dysgenesis characterized by moderate to severe intellectual deficit and cerebellar abnormalities.

X-LINKED INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY-CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA SYNDROME Is also known as oligophrenin-1 syndrome|ophn1 syndrome|mental retardation, x-linked 60, formerly|mrx60, formerly

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Ataxia

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MESH MENDELIAN

Macrocephaly, dysmorphic facies, and psychomotor retardation (MDFPMR) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by large head and somatic overgrowth apparent at birth followed by global developmental delay. Affected individuals have characteristic dysmorphic facial features and persistently large head, but increased birth weight normalizes with age. Additional neurologic features, including seizures, hypotonia, and gait ataxia, may also occur. Patients show severe intellectual impairment (summary by Ortega-Recalde et al., 2015).

• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Generalized hypotonia
• Scoliosis

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Oliver-McFarlane syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by trichomegaly, severe chorioretinal atrophy and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, including growth hormone (GH ), gonadotropins (see {118860}), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; see {118850}). Thyroid and GH abnormalities may be present at birth and, if untreated, result in intellectual impairment and profound short stature. Congenital hypogonadism occurs in half of patients, and nearly all have documented hypogonadotropic hypogonadism during puberty, with subsequent reproductive dysfunction. Chorioretinal atrophy is typically noted in the first 5 years of life. Half of reported cases have spinocerebellar involvement, including ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Hufnagel et al., 2015).Laurence-Moon syndrome (OMIM ) is an allelic disorder with overlapping features.

OLIVER-MCFARLANE SYNDROME; OMCS Is also known as eyelashes, long, with mental retardation|trichomegaly with mental retardation, dwarfism, and pigmentary degeneration of retina

• Intellectual disability
• Short stature
• Ataxia
• Growth delay
• Nystagmus

SOURCES: OMIM MENDELIAN

Congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 4 (BAS defect type 4) is an anomaly of bile acid synthesis (see this term) characterized by mild cholestatic liver disease, fat malabsorption and/or neurological disease.

CONGENITAL BILE ACID SYNTHESIS DEFECT TYPE 4 Is also known as 2-methylacyl-coa racemase deficiency|amacr deficiency|basd4|alpha-methyl-acyl-coa racemase deficiency|liver disease-retinitis pigmentosa-polyneuropathy-epilepsy syndrome

• Seizures
• Global developmental delay
• Ataxia
• Cataract
• Spasticity

SOURCES: OMIM ORPHANET MENDELIAN